Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32756893›Full record

ArticleJournal of public health (Oxford, England)2020

Relationship of George Floyd protests to increases in COVID-19 cases using event study methodology.

Randall Valentine, Dawn Valentine, Jimmie L Valentine

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of public health (Oxford, England), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Randall ValentineWilliam Carey University, School of Business, Hattiesburg, MS, USA.
Dawn ValentineWilliam Carey University, School of Business, Hattiesburg, MS, USA.
Jimmie L ValentineUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology and Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundProtests ignited by the George Floyd incident were examined for any significant impact on COVID-19 infection rates in select US cities.

methodsEight US cities were studied in which protestors in the tens of thousands were reported. Only cities that reside in states whose stay-at-home orders had been rescinded or expired for a minimum of 30 days were included in the sample to account for impact of growth rates solely due to economies reopening. Event study methodology was used with a 30-day estimation period to examine whether growth in COVID-19 infection rates was significant.

resultsIn the eight cities analyzed, all had positive abnormal growth in infection rate. In six of the eight cities, infection rate growth was positive and significant.

conclusionsIn this study, it was apparent that violations of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-recommended social distancing guidelines caused a significant increase in infection rates. The data suggest that to slow the spread of COVID-19, CDC guidelines must be followed in protest situations.

Indexed as

Community ParticipationDissent and DisputesFamous PersonsPolitical ActivismBlack or African AmericanCitiesCOVID-19HomicideHumansMalePandemicsSARS-CoV-2United StatesCOVID-19public healthsocial distancing

Identifiers

PMID32756893
PMCPMC7454741

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.