SynthesisRevista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999)
Prevalence and correlates of major depressive disorder: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 205 papers, 16 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
205 citing papers in PubMed, 16 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 446 citations in OpenAlex.
- Daily Life Studies on Dynamic Within-person Fluctuations of Self-efficacy in the Physical Activity Context: A Scoping Review.Sports medicine - open · 2026Pooled it
- Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization and Colocalization Study of Memory B Cells and Major Depressive Disorder.Current medical science · 2026Pooled it
- Impact of Depression on Mortality in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy, safety and mechanistic insights of pentoxifylline in major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Association Between Childhood Maltreatment and Adult Depression.Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence of major depressive disorder in Iranian men from 2011 to 2022; a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Understanding the research landscape of over-the-counter herbal products, dietary supplements, and medications evaluated for depressive symptoms in adults: a scoping review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for studying cognitive control in depressed patients: A systematic review.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2024Pooled it
- Identifying the differentially expressed peripheral blood microRNAs in psychiatric disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Intermittent Fasting as a Potential Therapeutic Instrument for Major Depression Disorder: A Systematic Review of Clinical and Preclinical Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Topiramate and other kainate receptor antagonists for depression: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Efficacy of Smartphone Apps in Patients With Depressive Disorders: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Potential Pleiotropic Genes and Shared Biological Pathways in Epilepsy and Depression Based on GWAS Summary Statistics.Computational intelligence and neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Winning The Game Against Depression: A Systematic Review of Video Games for the Treatment of Depressive Disorders.Current psychiatry reports · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Prefrontal Transcranial Pulse Stimulation for Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Evaluation of a probiotic blend on psychosocial health and biomarkers of inflammatory, immune and stress response in adults with subthreshold depression: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.The British journal of nutrition · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Efficacy of empagliflozin as adjunctive therapy to citalopram in major depressive disorder: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.BMC psychiatry · 2024Trial
145 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most disabling mental illnesses and it has a significant impact on society. This review aims to provide updated scientific evidence about the epidemiology of MDD.
methodsA systematic literature review of the PubMed and MEDLINE databases was performed to identify articles on the prevalence of MDD and its correlates. The search was restricted to manuscripts published between January 2001 and December 2018.
resultsSixty-three articles were included in the review. The lifetime prevalence of MDD ranged from 2 to 21%, with the highest rates found in some European countries and the lowest in some Asian countries. The main sociodemographic correlates were separated/divorced marital status and female gender. Child abuse, intimate partner violence, and comorbidity with other physical and mental disorders also were consistently associated with MDD across the reviewed studies.
conclusionsMDD is a highly prevalent condition worldwide. There are remarkable interregional differences in the disorder's prevalence, as well as in certain sociodemographic correlates. MDD is also highly comorbid with physical and mental health problems.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.