ReviewInternational journal of biological macromolecules2020
Structure of fish Toll-like receptors (TLR) and NOD-like receptors (NLR).
Review in International journal of biological macromolecules, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 181 citations in OpenAlex.
- Establishment of a Skin Cell Line from Red Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) and Its Potential Applications in Hyperosmotic Stress and Immune Response Research.Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Unveiling the therapeutic potential of gut microbiota metabolites for the treatment of renal fibrosis based on network pharmacology study.Bioresources and bioprocessing · 2026Article
- Characterization and Immune Function ofBiology · 2026Article
- Therapeutic and immunomodulatory effects of phage therapy in red hybrid tilapia challenged with Klebsiella pneumoniae.Archives of microbiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Integrated evaluation of immune response, inflammatory biomarkers, clinical features and hemato-biochemical changes in bovine ephemeral fever-affected cattle.Irish veterinary journal · 2026Article
- Toll-like receptors in fish: evolution, structure, immune signaling, and translational prospects for adjuvant-based vaccine design in aquaculture.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Transcriptional investigation of immune gene expression dynamics in Rohu (Labeo rohita) in response to killed Flavobacterium columnare vaccine.Molecular biology reports · 2025Article
- Molecular Evolution of the NLR Gene Family Reveals Diverse Innate Immune Strategies in Bats.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- LncRNA transcriptome analysis of rainbow trout (Virulence · 2025Article
- Recent advancement in molecular pathways and receptor targeting using natural products for wound healing activity.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- Cell surface Toll-like receptor polymorphisms influenceiScience · 2025Article
- Molecular Mechanism of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Inflammatory Diseases and Tumors.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Review
- Transcriptome Analyses Reveal the Molecular Response of Juvenile Greater Amberjack (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Comparative genomic analysis of immune-related genes and chemosensory receptors provides insights into the evolution and adaptation of four major domesticated Asian carps.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Mitochondria-derived vesicles: A promising and potential target for tumour therapy.Clinical and translational medicine · 2025Review
- Toll-like Receptor Type 2 and 13 Gene Expression and Immune Cell Profiles in Diploid and Triploid Sterlets (International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Advances in Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Degenerative Aortic Valve Disease.Cardiology research · 2025Review
- Molecular Identification and Expression Analysis of NOD1/2 and TBK1 in Response to Viral or Bacterial Infection in the Spotted Knifejaw (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Structural and Functional Characteristics of TLR19 in Barbel Chub Compared to TLR19 in Grass Carp.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Innate immunity driven by pattern recognition receptor (PRR) protects the host from invading pathogens. Aquatic animals like fish where the adaptive immunity is poorly developed majorly rely on their innate immunity modulated by PRRs like toll-like receptors (TLR) and NOD-like receptors (NLR). However, current development to improve the fish immunity via TLR/NLR signaling is affected by a poor understanding of its mechanistic and structural features. This review discusses the structure of fish TLRs/NLRs and its interaction with pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and downstream signaling molecules. Over the past one decade, significant progress has been done in studying the structure of TLRs/NLRs in higher eukaryotes; however, structural studies on fish innate immune receptors are undermined. Several novel TLR genes are identified in fish that are absent in higher eukaryotes, but the function is still poorly understood. Unlike the fundamental progress achieved in developing antagonist/agonist to modulate human innate immunity, analogous studies in fish are nearly lacking due to structural inadequacy. This underlies the importance of exploring the structural and mechanistic details of fish TLRs/NLRs at an atomic and molecular level. This review outlined the mechanistic and structural basis of fish TLR and NLR activation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.