ArticleMethods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)2021
A Xenograft Model for Venous Malformation.
Article in Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Polymeric rapamycin nanoparticles encapsulating ponatinib cause regression of venous malformations in mice.Science translational medicine · 2026Article
- Bleomycin ElectroScleroTherapy (BEST): mechanistic parallels to electrochemotherapy, experimental models, and unresolved questions.Radiology and oncology · 2026Review
- Advances in genetics, signaling, and modeling of venous malformations.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- PEITC restores chemosensitivity in cisplatin-resistant non-small cell lung cancer by targeting c-Myc/miR-424-5p.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- NRASPediatric blood & cancer · 2024Article
- Pathophysiology of Slow-Flow Vascular Malformations: Current Understanding and Unanswered Questions.Journal of vascular anomalies · 2023Review
- Familial CCM Genes Might Not Be Main Drivers for Pathogenesis of Sporadic CCMs-Genetic Similarity between Cancers and Vascular Malformations.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Xenograft models allow for an in vivo approach to monitor cellular functions within the context of a host microenvironment. Here we describe a protocol to generate a xenograft model of venous malformation (VM) based on the use of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) expressing a constitutive active form of the endothelial tyrosine kinase receptor TEK (TIE2 p.L914F) or patient-derived EC containing TIE2 and/or PIK3CA gene mutations. Hyperactive somatic TIE2 and PIK3CA mutations are a common hallmark of VM in patient lesions. The EC are injected subcutaneously on the back of athymic nude mice to generate ectatic vascular channels and recapitulate histopathological features of VM patient tissue histology. Lesion plugs with TIE2/PIK3CA-mutant EC are visibly vascularized within 7-9 days of subcutaneous injection, making this a great tool to study venous malformation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.