ReviewFrontiers in medicine2020
B Cell Therapy in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: From Rationale to Clinical Practice.
Review in Frontiers in medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness and safety of B cell-targeting biologics in the treatment of lupus nephritis: a systematic review and network meta‑analysis.Renal failure · 2024Pooled it
- Immunomodulatory effects of extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stromal cells: Implication for therapeutic approach in autoimmune diseases.The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of belimumab therapy in lupus nephritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Renal failure · 2023Pooled it
- Unsupervised machine learning identifies distinct SLE patient endotypes with differential response to belimumab.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2025Trial
- A Phase 1, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single- and multiple-dose escalation study to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of PF-06835375, a C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5 directed antibody, in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis.Arthritis research & therapy · 2024Trial
- Determinants of neuropsychiatric flares in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: results from five phase III trials of belimumab.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2024Trial
- B Cell Kinetics upon Therapy Commencement for Active Extrarenal Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Relation to Development of Renal Flares: Results from Three Phase III Clinical Trials of Belimumab.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Trial
- Early B Cell and Plasma Cell Kinetics Upon Treatment Initiation Portend Flares in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: AFrontiers in immunology · 2022Trial
- Autoantibodies associated with primary biliary cholangitis are common among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus even in the absence of elevated liver enzymes.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2021Trial
- Belimumab prevention against organ damage over 8 years and safety up to 13 years: three pooled open-label, long-term extension SLE studies.Lupus science & medicine · 2026Article
- Efficacy and safety of telitacicept combined with standard of care in patients with proliferative lupus nephritis: a real-world retrospective study.Lupus science & medicine · 2026Article
- Phase Ib, multicentre, open-label, dose-escalation study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of subcutaneously administered mosunetuzumab in participants with systemic lupus erythematosus.Lupus science & medicine · 2026Article
- How Epstein Barr virus shapes lupus autoimmunity: mechanistic insights and therapeutic perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Therapeutic progress in the targeting of B cells in lupus nephritis: pathogenesis to clinical research.International urology and nephrology · 2025Review
- Cellular therapies in rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2025Review
- The regulatory functions of G protein-coupled receptors signaling pathways in B cell differentiation and development contributing to autoimmune diseases.Cell & bioscience · 2025Review
- Lymphocytes Change Their Phenotype and Function in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Lupus Nephritis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Interferon and B-cell Signatures Inform Precision Medicine in Lupus Nephritis.Kidney international reports · 2024Article
- Article
- The prevalence of neutropenia and association with infections in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a Swedish single-center study conducted over 14 years.Rheumatology international · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
B cell hyperactivity and breach of tolerance constitute hallmarks of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The heterogeneity of disease manifestations and relatively rare prevalence of SLE have posed difficulties in trial design and contributed to a slow pace for drug development. The anti-BAFF monoclonal antibody belimumab is still the sole targeted therapy licensed for SLE, lending credence to the widely accepted notion that B cells play central roles in lupus pathogenesis. However, more therapeutic agents directed toward B cells or B cell-related pathways are used off-label or have been trialed in SLE. The anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab has been used to treat refractory SLE during the last two decades, and the anti-type I IFN receptor anifrolumab is currently awaiting approval after one phase III clinical trial which met its primary endpoint and one phase III trial which met key secondary endpoints. While the latter does not directly affect the maturation and antibody production activity of B cells, it is expected to affect the contribution of B cells in proinflammatory cytokine excretion. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, primarily directed toward the plasma cells, has been used in few severe cases as an escape regimen. Collectively, current clinical experience and primary results of ongoing clinical trials prophesy that B cell therapies of selective targets will have an established place in the future personalized therapeutic management of lupus patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.