ArticleJournal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi2020
Social Determinants of COVID-19 in Massachusetts, United States: An Ecological Study.
Article in Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A systematic review of racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in COVID-19.International journal for equity in health · 2021Pooled it
- Socioeconomic determinants of COVID-19 incidence in a German rural area.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Equity in Wastewater Surveillance: Assessment of the National Wastewater Surveillance System for COVID-19.AJPM focus · 2026Article
- Article
- A population-based case-control study of COVID-19: methodological considerations on the role of testing bias.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Harnessing Socio-Spatial Dynamics for Pandemic Resilience: Evidence from Kozhikode, India.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Associations of Individual and Neighborhood Factors with Disparities in COVID-19 Incidence and Outcomes.The western journal of emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Clinical manifestations and treatment outcomes among hospitalised COVID-19 patients in tertiary hospitals in Tanzania, 2021-2022: a retrospective cohort study.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- Unravelling demographic and socioeconomic patterns of COVID-19 death and other causes of death: results of an individual-level analysis of exhaustive cause of death data in Belgium, 2020.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2024Article
- Spatiotemporal hierarchical Bayesian analysis to identify factors associated with COVID-19 in suburban areas in Colombia.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Exploring the Relation between Contextual Social Determinants of Health and COVID-19 Occurrence and Hospitalization.Informatics (MDPI) · 2024Article
- Perceptions of COVID-19 Risk: How Did People Adapt to the Novel Risk?Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making · 2024Article
- Income inequality and its association with COVID-19 cases and deaths: a cross-country analysis in the Eastern Mediterranean region.BMJ global health · 2023Article
- Racial, socioeconomic, and neighborhood characteristics in relation to COVID-19 severity of illness for adolescents and young adults.PNAS nexus · 2023Article
- Disparities in COVID-19 Disease Incidence by Income and Vaccination Coverage - 81 Communities, Los Angeles, California, July 2020-September 2021.MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report · 2023Article
- The price of COVID-19 risk in a public university.Economics of education review · 2023Article
- Trajectories of the socioeconomic gradient of mental health: Results from the CLSA COVID-19 Questionnaire Study.Health policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2023Article
- Article
- Predisposing, Enabling, and Reinforcing Factors of COVID-19 Prevention Behavior in Indonesia: A Mixed-methods Study.Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi · 2023Article
- Inequities in COVID-19 vaccine and booster coverage across Massachusetts ZIP codes after the emergence of Omicron: A population-based cross-sectional study.PLoS medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe aim of this study was to assess how different social determinants of health (SDoH) may be related to variability in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rates in cities and towns in Massachusetts (MA).
methodsData about the total number of cases, tests, and rates of COVID-19 as of June 10, 2020 were obtained for cities and towns in MA. The data on COVID-19 were matched with data on various SDoH variables at the city and town level from the American Community Survey. These variables included information about income, poverty, employment, renting, and insurance coverage. We compared COVID-19 rates according to these SDoH variables.
resultsThere were clear gradients in the rates of COVID-19 according to SDoH variables. Communities with more poverty, lower income, lower insurance coverage, more unemployment, and a higher percentage of the workforce employed in essential services, including healthcare, had higher rates of COVID-19. Most of these differences were not accounted for by different rates of testing in these cities and towns.
conclusionsSDoH variables may explain some of the variability in the risk of COVID-19 across cities and towns in MA. Data about SDoH should be part of the standard surveillance for COVID-19. Efforts should be made to address social factors that may be putting communities at an elevated risk.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.