Trial reportToxins2020
The Effects of Botulinum Toxin Injections on Spasticity and Motor Performance in Chronic Stroke with Spastic Hemiplegia.
Trial report in Toxins, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Impact of Strength Changes on Active Function Following Botulinum Neurotoxin-A (BoNT-A): A Systematic Review.Toxins · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The effectiveness and safety of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on spasticity after upper motor neuron injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neural circuits · 2022Pooled it
- IpsiHand Brain-Computer Interface Therapy Induces Broad Upper Extremity Motor Rehabilitation in Chronic Stroke.Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Use of cyproheptadine hydrochloride (HCl) to reduce neuromuscular hypertonicity in stroke survivors: A Randomized Trial: Reducing Hypertonicity in Stroke.Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association · 2022Trial
- Temporal Neuromuscular Adaptations and Proteomic Signatures Following Botulinum Neurotoxin A Injection in Spastic Hemiplegia Rats.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Relationship Between Spinal Reflexes and Spastic Movement Disorders.Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America · 2026Review
- Targeted and Sequential Cryoneurolysis Improves Gait After Botulinum-Toxin Unresponsiveness in Post-Stroke Spasticity: A Laboratory-Verified Case.Neurology international · 2026Article
- Patient-Centred and Daily Life-Oriented Botulinum Toxin Treatment for Stroke Survivors with Upper Extremity Spasticity-Effects and Practical Aspects.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Proportional myoelectric control of a virtual bionic arm in participants with hemiparesis, muscle spasticity, and impaired range of motion.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Article
- Exploring New and Potential Indications for Botulinum Toxin Treatment: An Updated Literature Review.Cureus · 2024Review
- Article
- Article
- Efficacy and Safety of Botulinum Toxin in the Management of Temporomandibular Symptoms Associated with Sleep Bruxism: A Systematic Review.Dentistry journal · 2024Review
- Botulinum toxin in the rehabilitation of painful syndromes: multiperspective literature analysis, lexical analysis and systematic review of randomized controlled trials.European journal of translational myology · 2024Article
- Fluoroscopic OnabotulinumtoxinA injection for Bertolotti Syndrome in refractory back pain: A letter to the editor.Interventional pain medicine · 2024Article
- Peripheral nerve blocks of wrist and finger flexors can increase hand opening in chronic hemiparetic stroke.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Botulinum toxin treatment may improve myoelectric pattern recognition in robot-assisted stroke rehabilitation.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Spastic muscles are weak muscles. It is known that muscle weakness is linked to poor motor performance. Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections are considered as the first-line treatment for focal spasticity. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively investigate the effects of BoNT injections on force control of spastic biceps brachii muscles in stroke survivors. Ten stroke survivors with spastic hemiplegia (51.7 ± 11.5 yrs; 5 men) who received 100 units of incobotulinumtoxinA or onabotulinumtoxinA to the biceps brachii muscles participated in this study. Spasticity assessment (Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) and reflex torque) and muscle strength of elbow flexors, as well as motor performance assessment (force variability of submaximal elbow flexion) were performed within one week before (pre-injection) and 3~4 weeks (3-wk) after BoNT injections. As expected, BoNT injections reduced the MAS score and reflex torque, and elbow flexor strength on the spastic paretic side. However, motor performance remained within similar level before and after injections. There was no change in muscle strength or motor performance on the contralateral arm after BoNT injections. The results of this study provide evidence that BoNT injections can reduce spasticity and muscle strength, while motor performance of the weakened spastic muscle remains unchanged.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.