Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32750282›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of speech-language pathology2020

Beyond Scores: Using Converging Evidence to Determine Speech and Language Services Eligibility for Dual Language Learners.

Anny Castilla-Earls, Lisa Bedore, Raúl Rojas, Leah Fabiano-Smith, Sonja Pruitt-Lord, María Adelaida Restrepo, Elizabeth Peña

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of speech-language pathology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
53citing papers in PubMed
16.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

53 citing papers in PubMed, 119 citations in OpenAlex.

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  10. Improving the Efficiency of the Bilingual Input-Output Survey-Home.American journal of speech-language pathology · 2026
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Innovations in Conceptual Scoring of a Bilingual Expressive Vocabulary Measure.American journal of speech-language pathology · 2025
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Methods of Diagnosing Speech Sound Disorders in Multilingual Children.Language, speech, and hearing services in schools · 2025
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.

Anny Castilla-EarlsDepartment of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Houston, TX.
Lisa BedoreTemple University, Philadelphia, PA.
Raúl RojasThe University of Texas at Dallas.
Leah Fabiano-SmithThe University of Arizona, Tucson.
Sonja Pruitt-LordSan Diego State University, CA.
María Adelaida RestrepoArizona State University, Tempe.
Elizabeth PeñaUniversity of California, Irvine.
Arizona State University · USSan Diego State University · USTemple University · USThe University of Texas at Dallas · USUniversity of Arizona · USUniversity of California, Irvine · USUniversity of Houston · US

Funding

Differentiating First Language Loss from Language Impairment in Bilingual ChildrenK23DC015835 · NIDCD · UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON · PI CASTILLA-EARLS, ANNY P. · 2017 to 2021
$830k
Evidence-Based Clinical Diagnosis of Specific Language Impairments in Spanish-SpeR15DC013670 · NIDCD · SUNY-FREDONIA · PI CASTILLA-EARLS, ANNY P., FULCHER, KATRINA · 2014 to 2014
$477k
NIDCD NIH HHS K23 DC015835NIDCD NIH HHS R15 DC013670
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose Speech-language pathologists have both a professional and ethical responsibility to provide culturally competent services to dual language learners (DLLs). In this tutorial, we recommend that clinicians use a comprehensive assessment of converging evidence to make diagnostic decisions in DLLs in accordance with the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's Code of Ethics. The content of this tutorial is most appropriate for Spanish-English DLLs between the ages of 4 and 8 years. Method We propose a converging evidence approach, in which one single method is not the deciding factor in making diagnostic decisions regarding the dual language and speech production skills of DLLs. Converging evidence refers to the idea that multiple pieces of assessment data must come together and trend in the same direction to make a diagnostic decision. We recommend gathering assessment data using a combination of language experience questionnaires, bilingual language sample analysis using large-scale reference databases, evaluation of learning potential, and standardized testing. These four assessment methods allow clinicians to examine the child in different contexts to determine their strengths and weakness in communication abilities. Conclusion We illustrate the converging evidence framework using two case studies to guide the clinician through the diagnostic decision-making process.

Indexed as

MultilingualismSpeechChildChild LanguageChild, PreschoolHumansLanguageLanguage Tests

Identifiers

PMID32750282
PMCPMC7893524
OpenAlexW3047413042

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.