ReviewThe Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy2020
Drug interactions: a review of the unseen danger of experimental COVID-19 therapies.
Review in The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacokinetic Drug-Drug Interaction of Leritrelvir in Healthy Chinese Volunteers: A Single-Arm, Open-Label, Dual-Cohort Study.Clinical drug investigation · 2026Article
- The Impact of COVID-19 on Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases: A Narrative Review of Long-Term Consequences and Vaccination Strategies.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Drug-related problems and challenges encountered by pharmacists in nirmatrelvir/ritonavir counselling during the covid-19 pandemic: a multi-center study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Therapeutic Approaches for COVID-19: A Review of Antiviral Treatments, Immunotherapies, and Emerging Interventions.Advances in therapy · 2025Review
- Drug-Drug Interactions in Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Prevalence of potential drug-drug interactions with ritonavir-containing COVID-19 therapy.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2023Observational
- Prevalence of Potential Drug-drug Interactions With Ritonavir-containing COVID-19 Therapy in the United States: An Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Clinical therapeutics · 2023Article
- A case of T-cell-Epstein-Barr virus-haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and sustained remission following ruxolitinib therapy.Clinical & translational immunology · 2023Article
- Review
- Drug genetic associations with COVID-19 manifestations: a data mining and network biology approach.The pharmacogenomics journal · 2022Article
- COVID-19-associated opportunistic infections: a snapshot on the current reports.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2022Review
- Detecting Drug-Drug Interactions in COVID-19 Patients.Studies in health technology and informatics · 2022Article
- Detecting drug-drug interactions between therapies for COVID-19 and concomitant medications through the FDA adverse event reporting system.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Drug safety of frequently used drugs and substances for self-medication in COVID-19.Therapeutic advances in drug safety · 2022Review
- Identifying Drug-Induced Liver Injury Associated With Inflammation-Drug and Drug-Drug Interactions in Pharmacologic Treatments for COVID-19 by Bioinformatics and System Biology Analyses: The Role of Pregnane X Receptor.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Scoping insight on antiviral drugs against COVID-19.Arabian journal of chemistry · 2021Review
- Science's Response to CoVID-19.ChemMedChem · 2021Review
- ANMCO POSITION PAPER: cardio-oncology in the COVID era (CO and CO).European heart journal supplements : journal of the European Society of Cardiology · 2021Article
- Genetic and Molecular Aspects of Drug-Induced QT Interval Prolongation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Disease-drug and drug-drug interaction in COVID-19: Risk and assessment.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
As global health services respond to the coronavirus pandemic, many prescribers are turning to experimental drugs. This review aims to assess the risk of drug-drug interactions in the severely ill COVID-19 patient. Experimental therapies were identified by searching ClinicalTrials.gov for 'COVID-19', '2019-nCoV', '2019 novel coronavirus' and 'SARS-CoV-2'. The last search was performed on 30 June 2020. Herbal medicines, blood-derived products and in vitro studies were excluded. We identified comorbidities by searching PubMed for the MeSH terms 'COVID-19', 'Comorbidity' and 'Epidemiological Factors'. Potential drug-drug interactions were evaluated according to known pharmacokinetics, overlapping toxicities and QT risk. Drug-drug interactions were graded GREEN and YELLOW: no clinically significant interaction; AMBER: caution; RED: serious risk. A total of 2378 records were retrieved from ClinicalTrials.gov, which yielded 249 drugs that met inclusion criteria. Thirteen primary compounds were screened against 512 comedications. A full database of these interactions is available at www.covid19-druginteractions.org. Experimental therapies for COVID-19 present a risk of drug-drug interactions, with lopinavir/ritonavir (10% RED, 41% AMBER; mainly a perpetrator of pharmacokinetic interactions but also risk of QT prolongation particularly when given with concomitant drugs that can prolong QT), chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine (both 7% RED and 27% AMBER, victims of some interactions due to metabolic profile but also perpetrators of QT prolongation) posing the greatest risk. With management, these risks can be mitigated. We have published a drug-drug interaction resource to facilitate medication review for the critically ill patient.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.