ReviewJournal of endocrinological investigation2021
Thyrotropin receptor antibodies and Graves' orbitopathy.
Review in Journal of endocrinological investigation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 45 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunomodulators in Graves' ophthalmopathy: a systematic review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- The prevalence of positive thyroid autoantibodies in patients with subacute thyroiditis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Endocrine · 2024Pooled it
- Proof-of-concept and Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trials of an FcRn Inhibitor, Batoclimab, for Thyroid Eye Disease.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Trial
- Pupillometric alterations in Graves' disease: Beyond thyroid functional status.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Clinical Case Series of Destructive Thyrotoxicosis Associated with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Misdiagnosed as Graves' Disease: Clinical Patterns, Diagnostic Pitfalls, and Hypothesized Molecular Insights.Problemy endokrinologii · 2026Article
- Elevated blood viscosity in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy and its association with thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin levels.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- TSHR-Targeting Nucleic Acid Aptamer Treats Graves' Ophthalmopathy via Novel Allosteric Inhibition.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- A combined model of BCVA, TRAb, and NLR predicts response to intravenous methylprednisolone in dysthyroid optic neuropathy.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Unravelling the pathogenic mechanisms in Graves' orbitopathy.European thyroid journal · 2025Review
- Clinical characteristics of thyroid eye disease and expression profile of peripheral blood immune cells.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Effects of pulse glucocorticoid treatment on retinal blood flow in patients with active Graves' orbitopathy.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- The Use of Biologics for Thyroid Eye Disease.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2025Review
- An Atypical Presentation of Thyroid Eye Disease in a Patient With a Remote History of Graves' Disease.Cureus · 2025Article
- Evaluation of corticoresistance in patients with thyroid eye disease and use of rituximab as a second-line treatment.Endocrine · 2025Article
- Key indicators for guiding tocilizumab therapy to prevent orbital decompression surgery in hormone-resistant dysthyroid optic neuropathy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Combining biomarkers to predict the disease activity of graves' ophthalmopathy: a combinatory model of the NLR, TRAb and FT4.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Clinical profiling of TPOAb and TGAb in patients with thyrotrophin receptor antibody-negative thyroid eye disease: A single-center observational study in China.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Observational
- Review
- Unilateral Graves' Orbitopathy in a Patient with Marine-Lenhart Syndrome: A case report.Sultan Qaboos University medical journal · 2024Article
- The TSH Receptor Antibody Reactome Contributes to Retro-Orbital Inflammation.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
context and purposeThe thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) is the key autoantigen in Graves' disease (GD) and associated orbitopathy (GO). Antibodies targeting the TSHR (TSHR-Ab) impact the pathogenesis and the course of GO. This review discusses the role and clinical relevance of TSHR-Ab in GO.
methodsReview of the current and pertinent literature.
resultsGO is the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of GD and is caused by persistent, unregulated stimulation of TSHR-expressing orbital target cells (e.g. fibroblasts and pre-adipocytes). Serum TSHR-Ab and more specifically, the stimulatory Ab (TSAb) are observed in the vast majority of patients with GD and GO. TSHR-Ab are a sensitive serological parameter for the differential diagnosis of GO. TSHR-Ab can be detected either with conventional binding immunoassays that measure binding of Ab to the TSHR or with cell-based bioassays that provide information on their functional activity and potency. Knowledge of the biological activity and not simply the presence or absence of TSHR-Ab has relevant clinical implications e.g. predicting de-novo development or exacerbation of pre-existing GO. TSAb are specific biomarkers of GD/GO and responsible for many of its clinical manifestations. TSAb strongly correlate with the clinical activity and clinical severity of GO. Further, the magnitude of TSAb indicates the onset and acuity of sight-threatening GO (optic neuropathy). Baseline serum values of TSAb and especially dilution analysis of TSAb significantly differentiate between thyroidal GD only versus GD + GO.
conclusionMeasurement of functional TSHR-Ab, especially TSAb, is clinically relevant for the differential diagnosis and management of GO.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.