ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2020
A Clinical Metabolite of Azidothymidine Inhibits Experimental Choroidal Neovascularization and Retinal Pigmented Epithelium Degeneration.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Advances in technical methods and applications of subretinal injections in experimental animals.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Review
- Discovering Root Causal Genes with High Throughput Perturbations.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Prevalence of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Patients with Chronic Exposure to P2X7R Inhibitors.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2024Article
- Inflammasome activation aggravates choroidal neovascularization.Angiogenesis · 2024Article
- Neovascular Progression and Retinal Dysfunction in the Laser-Induced Choroidal Neovascularization Mouse Model.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Kamuvudine-9 Protects Retinal Structure and Function in a Novel Model of Experimental Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Subretinal injection in mice to study retinal physiology and disease.Nature protocols · 2022Review
- Article
- The Learning Curve of Murine Subretinal Injection Among Clinically Trained Ophthalmic Surgeons.Translational vision science & technology · 2022Article
- Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and Kamuvudines inhibit amyloid-β induced retinal pigmented epithelium degeneration.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2021Article
- Cytoplasmic synthesis of endogenousProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Purpose: Azidothymidine (AZT), a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic activity independent of its ability to inhibit reverse transcriptase. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 5'-glucuronyl azidothymidine (GAZT), an antiretrovirally inert hepatic clinical metabolite of AZT, in mouse models of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) degeneration and choroidal neovascularization (CNV), hallmark features of dry and wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD), respectively. Methods: RPE degeneration was induced in wild-type (WT) C57BL/6J mice by subretinal injection of Alu RNA. RPE degeneration was assessed by fundus photography and confocal microscopy of zonula occludens-1-stained RPE flat mounts. Choroidal neovascularization was induced by laser injury in WT mice, and CNV volume was measured by confocal microscopy. AZT and GAZT were delivered by intravitreous injections. Inflammasome activation was monitored by western blotting for caspase-1 and by ELISA for IL-1β in Alu RNA-treated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Results: GAZT inhibited Alu RNA-induced RPE degeneration and laser-induced CNV. GAZT also reduced Alu RNA-induced caspase-1 activation and IL-1β release in BMDMs. Conclusions: GAZT possesses dual anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic properties and could be a viable treatment option for both forms of AMD.
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