ArticleInfancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant Studies2020
Urgent engagement in 9/11 pregnant widows and their infants: Transmission of trauma.
Article in Infancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant Studies, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Maternal Intrusive Thoughts and Dissociative Experiences in the Context of Early Caregiving Under Varying Levels of Societal Stress.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Longitudinal associations between parental mental health and the duration of visual attention and facial expressions during at-home parent-infant interactions: a UK birth cohort study.Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry · 2025Article
- Mother-infant self- and interactive contingency at four months and infant cognition at one year: A view from microanalysis.Infant behavior & development · 2024Article
- Maternal contingent responses to distress facilitate infant soothing but not in mothers with depression or infants high in negative affect.Developmental psychology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The potential effects of maternal trauma on mother-infant interaction remain insufficiently studied empirically. This study examined the effects of the September 11, 2001, trauma on mother-infant interaction in mothers who were pregnant and widowed on 9/11, and their infants aged 4-6 months. Split-screen videotaped interaction was coded on a one-second basis for infant gaze, facial affect, and vocal affect; and mother gaze, facial affect, and touch. We examined the temporal dynamics of communication: self-contingency and interactive contingency of behavior by time-series methods. We documented heightened maternal and infant efforts at engagement in the 9/11 (vs. control) dyads. Both partners had difficulty tolerating moments of looking away as well as moments of negative behavior patterns. Heightened efforts to maintain a positive visual engagement may be adaptive and a potential source of resilience, but these patterns may also carry risk: working too hard to make it work. A vigilant, hyper-contingent, high-arousal engagement was the central mode of the interpersonal transmission of the trauma to these infants, with implications for intervention.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.