Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32748318›Full record

ReviewBrain imaging and behavior2021

Contiguity of proactive and reactive inhibitory brain areas: a cognitive model based on ALE meta-analyses.

Gioele Gavazzi, Fabio Giovannelli, Tommaso Currò, Mario Mascalchi, Maria Pia Viggiano

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Brain imaging and behavior, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
36citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

36 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Psychotherapy and inhibitory control: Insights from fMRI research.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2026
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  7. Sharing errors with human and non-human agents.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Gioele GavazziIRCCS, SDN, Naples, Italy.
Fabio GiovannelliDepartment of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Tommaso CurròDepartment of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Mario Mascalchi *Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Maria Pia Viggiano *Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy. mariapia.viggiano@unifi.it.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cognitive control is a critical feature in adapting our behavior to environmental and internal demands with two types of inhibition having been identified, namely the proactive and the reactive. Aiming to shed light on their respective neural correlates, we decided to focus on the cerebral activity before or after presentation of the target demanding a subject's stop as a way to separate the proactive from the reactive components associated with the tasks. Accordingly, we performed three Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) meta-analyses of fMRI studies exploring proactive and reactive inhibitory phases of cognitive control. For this purpose, we searched for fMRI studies investigating brain activity preceding or following target stimuli. Eight studies (291 subjects, 101 foci) were identified for the proactive analysis. Five of these studies and those previously analyzed by others (348 subjects, 199 foci) were meta-analyzed to explore the neural correlates of reactive inhibition. Overall, our results showed different networks for the two inhibitory components. Notably, we observed a contiguity between areas in the right inferior frontal gyrus pertaining to proactive inhibition and in the right middle frontal gyrus regarding reactive inhibition. These neural correlates allow proposal of a new comprehensive model of cognitive control.

Indexed as

Brain MappingReactive InhibitionBrainCognitionHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingCognitive controlMeta-analysisProactive inhibitionRight inferior frontal GyrusRight middle frontal Gyrus

Identifiers

PMID32748318
PMCPMC8413163

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.