ArticleCarcinogenesis2020
A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-enriched environmental chemical mixture enhances AhR, antiapoptotic signaling and a proliferative phenotype in breast cancer cells.
Article in Carcinogenesis, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Potential association between endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and gynecomastia: a systematic review based on partial experimental evidenceendocrine-disrupting chemicals.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Article
- Challenging Additivity: Comparing Predicted and Observed AhR Activity of Polycyclic Aromatic Compound (PAC) Mixtures Containing Active and Inactive Constituents.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Endocrine Disruptors and Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Review.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Targeting heat shock protein 90 with usnic acid relieves immune suppression via aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated mechanisms in lung cancer.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Article
- From gut to liver: organoids as platforms for next-generation toxicology assessment vehicles for xenobiotics.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Review
- Double-Edged Sword Effect of Diet and Nutrition on Carcinogenic Molecular Pathways in Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The dynamic relationship between skin microbiomes and personal care products: A comprehensive review.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Article
- Mapping the influence of hydrocarbons mixture on molecular mechanisms, involved in breast and lung neoplasms: in silico toxicogenomic data-mining.Genes and environment : the official journal of the Japanese Environmental Mutagen Society · 2024Article
- The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor: Impact on the Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Modulation as a Potential Therapy.Cancers · 2024Review
- Cumulative environmental quality is associated with breast cancer incidence differentially by summary stage and urbanicity.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Wrangling Whole Mixtures Risk Assessment: Recent Advances in Determining Sufficient Similarity.Current opinion in toxicology · 2023Article
- AhR and Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathways and Their Interplay.Current issues in molecular biology · 2023Review
- The adverse role of endocrine disrupting chemicals in the reproductive system.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Metabolic Activation of Benzo[International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Evaluation of Metabolism of a Defined Pesticide Mixture through Multiple In Vitro Liver Models.Toxics · 2022Article
- Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Oxidative Stress as a Double Agent and Its Biological and Therapeutic Significance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Adaptive stress response genes associated with breast cancer subtypes and survival outcomes reveal race-related differences.NPJ breast cancer · 2022Article
- Environmental exposure and the role of AhR in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests the role of environmental chemicals, in particular endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), in progression of breast cancer and treatment resistance, which can impact survival outcomes. However, most research tends to focus on tumor etiology and the effect of single chemicals, offering little insight into the effects of realistic complex mixture exposures on tumor progression. Herein, we investigated the effect of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-enriched EDC mixture in a panel of normal and breast cancer cells and in a tumor organoid model. Cells or organoids in culture were treated with EDC mixture at doses estimated from US adult intake of the top four PAH compounds within the mixture from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database. We demonstrate that low-dose PAH mixture (6, 30 and 300 nM) increased aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) expression and CYP activity in estrogen receptor (ER) positive but not normal mammary or ER-negative breast cancer cells, and that upregulated AhR signaling corresponded with increased cell proliferation and expression of antiapoptotic and antioxidant proteins XIAP and SOD1. We employed a mathematical model to validate PAH-mediated increases in AhR and XIAP expression in the MCF-7 ER-positive cell line. Furthermore, the PAH mixture caused significant growth increases in ER-negative breast cancer cell derived 3D tumor organoids, providing further evidence for the role of a natural-derived PAH mixture in enhancing a tumor proliferative phenotype. Together, our integrated cell signaling, computational and phenotype analysis reveals the underlying mechanisms of EDC mixtures in breast cancer progression and survival.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.