ArticleActa pharmacologica Sinica2021
The artemisinin analog SM934 alleviates dry eye disease in rodent models by regulating TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling.
Article in Acta pharmacologica Sinica, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global research hotspots and trends in anti-inflammatory studies in dry eye: a bibliometric analysis (2004-2024).Frontiers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Artemisinin and its derivatives for metabolic syndrome: From multi‑target mechanisms to translational opportunities (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2026Review
- Lute-GenAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- THBS1 inhibition alleviates inflammatory response by inhibiting TGF-β and NLRP3 inflammasome in experimental murine dry eye.Medical molecular morphology · 2026Article
- Rebalancing the inflammatory trajectory from inflammatory bowel disease to colitis-associated colorectal cancer via artemisinin-based multitarget therapy.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Self-polymerized polyphenol-based platform for the management of dry eye pathogenesis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Managing dry eye disease - a review of selected traditional Chinese medicine and some of their metabolites focusing on molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Transcriptomics and Network Pharmacology Reveal Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidative Stress Mechanisms of Qingxuan Runmu Yin in Dry Eye Disease.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- MSC-encapsulated porous microparticle eye drops for autoimmune dry eye disease treatment in NOD mice.Science advances · 2025Article
- Regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathways in age-related eye disease: from mechanisms to targeted therapeutics.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- Artemisinin and Its Derivatives from Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Applications: New Horizons Beyond Antimalarials.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Artemisinin and Its Derivatives: Promising Therapeutic Agents for Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Role of Chinese Medicine Monomers in Dry Eye Disease: Breaking the Vicious Cycle of Inflammation.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2025Review
- Review
- Mucus and mucin: changes in the mucus barrier in disease states.Tissue barriers · 2025Review
- Obtusifolin ameliorates dry eye model in rats by reducing inflammation and blocking MAPK/NF-κB pathways.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Artemisinin's molecular symphony: illuminating pathways for cancer therapy.Molecular biology reports · 2024Review
- cRGD-Conjugated Bilirubin Nanoparticles Alleviate Dry Eye Disease Via Activating the PINK1-Mediated Mitophagy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Fosfenopril Attenuates Inflammatory Response in Diabetic Dry Eye Models by Inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 Signaling Pathway.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Review
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disorder of the tears and ocular surface characterized by manifestations of dryness and irritation. Although the pathogenesis is not fully illuminated, it is recognized that inflammation has a prominent role in the development and deterioration of DED. β-aminoarteether maleate (SM934) is a water-soluble artemisinin derivative with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities. In this study, we established scopolamine hydrobromide (SCOP)-induced rodent model as well as benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-induced rat model to investigate the therapeutic potential of SM934 for DED. We showed that topical application of SM934 (0.1%, 0.5%) significantly increased tear secretion, maintained the number of conjunctival goblet cells, reduced corneal damage, and decreased the levels of inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, or IL-1β) in conjunctiva in SCOP-induced and BAC-induced DED models. Moreover, SM934 treatment reduced the accumulation of TLR4-expressing macrophages in conjunctiva, and suppressed the expression of inflammasome components, i.e., myeloid differentiation factor88 (MyD88), Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC), and cleaved caspase 1. In LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells, we demonstrated that pretreatment with SM934 (10 μM) impeded the upregulation of TLR4 and downstream NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling proteins. Collectively, artemisinin analog SM934 exerts therapeutic benefits on DED by simultaneously reserving the structural integrity of ocular surface and preventing the corneal and conjunctival inflammation, suggested a further application of SM934 in ophthalmic therapy, especially for DED.
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