ArticleExperimental & molecular medicine2020
Analysis of the human breast milk microbiome and bacterial extracellular vesicles in healthy mothers.
Article in Experimental & molecular medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Decoding the HMO‒microbiome axis: bridging maternal milk to infant health outcomes.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Early-life immunological and microbial differences between East African and North European children.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Unlocking the probiotic potential of breast milk-derived lactobacillus against urinary tract infections: mechanisms, therapeutic prospects, and future directions.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2026Review
- Microbiome, Epigenetics, and Nutritional Factors in Shaping Perinatal Pregnancy Outcomes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Microbiota composition of human milk based on storage and processing methods in Korea.Nutrition research and practice · 2026Article
- Comparative evaluation of human breast milk, cow milk, infant formula and almond milk on childhood cariogenicity: AnBioinformation · 2026Article
- Assembly of the infant gut microbiome and resistome are linked to bacterial strains in mother's milk.Nature communications · 2025Article
- A reconceptualized framework for human microbiome transmission in early life.Nature communications · 2025Review
- Review
- Exosomes in Breast Milk: Their Impact on the Intestinal Microbiota of the Newborn and Therapeutic Perspectives for High-Risk Neonates.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Human Milk Microbiota Across Lactation Stages and Free Glutamate Concentrations in Healthy Ecuadorian Women.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Maternal obesity, age and infant sex influence the profiles of amino acids, energetic metabolites, sugars, and fatty acids in human milk.European journal of nutrition · 2025Observational
- The Impact of Maternal Chronic Inflammatory Conditions on Breast Milk Composition: Possible Influence on Offspring Metabolic Programming.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Probiotic Bacillus licheniformis DSMZ 28710 improves sow milk microbiota and enhances piglet health outcomes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The early-life gut microbiome in common pediatric diseases: roles and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Intestinal dysbiosis during pregnancy and microbiota-associated impairments in offspring.Frontiers in microbiomes · 2025Review
- Therapeutic potential of human breast milk-derived exosomes in necrotizing enterocolitis.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024Review
- The Influence of Maternal Lifestyle Factors on Human Breast Milk Microbial Composition: A Narrative Review.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Bacterial growth in breast milk expressed under hygienic control: a pilot study.BMC research notes · 2024Article
- Relationship of MicroRNA according to Immune Components of Breast Milk in Korean Lactating Mothers.Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The microbiota of human breast milk (HBM) contribute to infant gut colonization; however, whether bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) are present in HBM or might contribute to this process remains unknown. In this study, we characterized the HBM microbiota of healthy Korean mothers and measured the key bacteria likely affecting infant gut colonization by analyzing both the microbiota and bacterial EVs. A total of 22 HBM samples were collected from lactating mothers. The DNA of bacteria and bacteria-derived EVs was extracted from each sample. In alpha-diversity analyses, bacterial samples showed higher richness and evenness than bacterial EV samples, and beta-diversity analyses showed significant differences between bacteria and bacterial EVs within identical individual samples. Firmicutes accounted for the largest proportion among the phyla, followed by Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria, in both bacteria and bacterial EV samples. At the genus level, Streptococcus (25.1%) and Staphylococcus (10.7%) were predominant in bacterial samples, whereas Bacteroides (9.1%), Acinetobacter (6.9%), and Lactobacillaceae(f) (5.5%) were prevalent in bacterial EV samples. Several genera, including Bifidobacterium, were significantly positively correlated between the two samples. This study revealed the diverse bacterial communities in the HBM of healthy lactating mothers, and found that gut-associated genera accounted for a high proportion in bacterial EV samples. Our findings suggest the existence of key bacteria with metabolic activity that are independent of the major bacterial populations that inhabit HBM, and the possibility that EVs derived from these bacteria are involved in the vertical transfer of gut microbiota.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.