ArticleDiabetes & vascular disease research
Association between interarm blood pressure differences and diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Article in Diabetes & vascular disease research. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Diabetic retinopathy: why some eyes suffer more - a focus on retina-specific risk factors and metabolic memory.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Influencing factors for the increased inter-arm systolic blood pressure difference among populations of different genders.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Large inter-arm systolic blood pressure difference is associated with cognitive impairment in older adults: a cross-sectional study in rural southwest China.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- Visit-to-visit variability of blood pressure and risk of diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.American journal of cardiovascular disease · 2024Article
- Identification of genetic variants associated with diabetic kidney disease in multiple Korean cohorts via a genome-wide association study mega-analysis.BMC medicine · 2023Article
- Systolic inter-arm blood pressure difference and estimated glomerular filtration rate in type 2 diabetic patients in Palestine: a cross-sectional study.Annals of medicine · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe effect of interarm blood pressure difference on the development of diabetic retinopathy, proteinuria and chronic kidney disease remains unknown. We investigated to determine the impact of interarm blood pressure difference on the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy, proteinuria and chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes.
methodsThe study included 563 patients with diabetes, who were evaluated with a simultaneous bilateral blood pressure measurement. The cutoff values for interarm blood pressure difference were 5, 10 and 15 mmHg. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relation between interarm blood pressure difference and diabetic retinopathy, proteinuria and chronic kidney disease.
resultsDiabetic patients with systolic interarm blood pressure difference ⩾5, ⩾10 and ⩾15 mmHg showed an increased risk of diabetic retinopathy [adjusted odds ratio = 1.48 (95% confidence interval = 1.01-2.18), odds ratio = 1.80 (95% confidence interval = 0.99-3.22), odds ratio = 2.29 (95% confidence interval = 1.00-5.23)] after adjustment. There were significant associations between interarm blood pressure difference ⩾5 and ⩾10 mmHg and proteinuria [odds ratio = 1.68 (95% confidence interval = 1.15-2.44), 1.89 (95% confidence interval = 1.05-3.37)].
conclusionThe association between interarm blood pressure difference and the presence of diabetic retinopathy emerged even for systolic interarm blood pressure difference ⩾5 mmHg without interaction of systolic blood pressure. Systolic interarm blood pressure difference should be considered a surrogate marker for vascular complication in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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