ArticleKorean journal of family medicine2021
Association between Time to First Cigarette and Health-Related Quality of Life of Middle-Aged Male Current Smokers: A Nationwide Representative Study in Korea.
Article in Korean journal of family medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with time to first cigarette upon waking: Findings from the Malaysian national tobacco survey 2023.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
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11 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundAlthough many studies have demonstrated that the first cigarette in the morning increases the prevalence of smoking-related morbidity, limited studies have examined the impact of time to first cigarette (TTFC) on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Thus, we assessed this relationship using nationally-representative data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VII-1 (2016).
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study using data from 577 current male smokers aged 30-59 years, after excluding those with a certain disease. Participants were divided into four categories according to TTFC (≤5 min, 6-30 min, 31-60 min, >60 min). HRQoL was measured using self-reported EuroQol-5 (EQ-5D). The relationship between TTFC and EQ-5D index was analyzed using a multivariate-adjusted generalized linear model to assess how HRQoL varies according to TTFC. After adjusting for confounders, a multivariate-adjusted logistic regression analysis was performed to identify which of the five dimensions of the EQ-5D affected the HRQoL according to TTFC.
resultsThe generalized linear analysis indicated that as TTFC decreased (6-30 min, 31-60 min vs. >60 min), the EQ-5D index score decreased significantly (P=0.037). Shorter TTFC (≤5 min vs. >60 min) was associated with higher pain/discomfort (odds ratio [OR], 3.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39-10.48) and anxiety/depression (OR, 7.58; 95% CI, 1.75-32.88).
conclusionHigher nicotine dependence was associated with impaired HRQoL. These results may be used to improve smoking cessation treatment outcomes.
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