ArticleSleep medicine2020
Sleep health early in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in the United States: integrating longitudinal, cross-sectional, and retrospective recall data.
Article in Sleep medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 160 citations in OpenAlex.
- Changes in Sleep Duration and Sleep Timing in the General Population from before to during the First COVID-19 Lockdown: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Pooled it
- Changes in sleep quality and sleep disturbances in the general population from before to during the COVID-19 lockdown: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Subjective sleep alterations in healthy subjects worldwide during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression.Sleep medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Individual, Social and Environmental Influences on Sleep in Latino Pre-Adolescents: A Qualitative Analysis.Journal of adolescent research · 2025Article
- Bidirectional relationship between sleep problems and long COVID: a longitudinal analysis of data from the COVIDENCE UK study.BMJ open respiratory research · 2025Observational
- Not All Workers Experience Equal Sleep Changes: Insights from the "WorkInCovid" Project.Clocks & sleep · 2025Article
- Sleeping behaviors are determined by lockdown and not work-from-home arrangements.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Insomnia and behaviorally induced sleep syndrome in undergraduates tested during the COVID-19 pandemic: associations with health, stress, and GPA.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2024Article
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- Better Mental Health and Sleep under Behavioral Restrictions Due to COVID-19 in Japanese University Students: A Cross-Sectional Survey.Clocks & sleep · 2023Article
- Mental health and sleep quality of low-income mothers of one-year-olds during the COVID-19 pandemic.Infant mental health journal · 2023Article
- Physical Activity Levels, Eating Habits, and Well-Being Measures in Students of Healthcare Degrees in the Second Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Sleep disturbances and depression are bidirectionally associated among college student athletes across COVID-19 pandemic exposure classes.Psychology of sport and exercise · 2023Article
- Impact of public restrictive measures on hypertension during the COVID-19 pandemic: existing evidence and long-term implications.Clinical kidney journal · 2023Review
- COVID-19 related distress and sleep health among trauma-exposed South Asians: Does generational status matter?Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress · 2023Article
- Risk Perception, Perceived Government Coping Validity, and Individual Sleep Problems in the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic in China: Mediation Analysis Based on Negative Emotions.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Sleep Patterns during the COVID-19 Lockdown in Spain.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Factors Affecting Sleep Quality of College Students during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- The quality of sleep: evaluation among university students.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused substantial changes in lifestyle, responsibilities, and stressors. Such dramatic societal changes might cause overall sleep health to decrease (stress view), to remain unchanged (resilience view), or even to improve (reduced work/schedule burden view).
methodsWe addressed this question using longitudinal, cross-sectional, and retrospective recall methodologies in 699 American adult participants in late March 2020, two weeks following the enactment of social distancing and shelter-in-place policies in the United States.
resultsRelative to baseline data from mid February 2020, cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses demonstrated that average sleep quality was unchanged, or even improved, early in the pandemic. However, there were clear individual differences: approximately 25% of participants reported that their sleep quality had worsened, which was explained by stress vulnerability, caregiving, adverse life impact, shift work, and presence of COVID-19 symptoms.
conclusionsTherefore, the COVID-19 pandemic has detrimentally impacted some individuals' sleep health while paradoxically benefited other individuals' sleep health by reducing rigid work/school schedules such as early morning commitments.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.