ReviewCurrent neuropharmacology2021
Tetrahydrobioterin (BH4) Pathway: From Metabolism to Neuropsychiatry.
Review in Current neuropharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 94 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
94 citing papers in PubMed, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
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- In vivo profiling of astrocyte secretome reveals brain-region specific regulatory networks in a mouse model of amyloid pathology.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2026Article
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- Expression and significance of miR-9-5p and GCH1 in neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.Translational pediatrics · 2026Article
- Bioactive Peptides from Yellowfin Tuna By-Products: Structural Characterization and Neuro-Related Activities in PC12 Cells.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Ethnic Bridging of Sepiapterin in Chinese and Korean Populations Based on Predictions From Genetic Polymorphism of Breast Cancer Resistance Protein.Clinical and translational science · 2026Article
- Research Progress on the Biological Function and Homeostatic Disruption of Microglia in the Pathogenesis of Major Depressive Disorder.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Review
- Research progress of ferroptosis in obesity and its complications.Journal of physiology and biochemistry · 2026Review
- Navigating the complexities of ferroptosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: roles, mechanisms and potential applications.Cell death discovery · 2026Review
- Ironing out mechanisms of ferroptotic death to tailor new stroke therapies.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2026Review
- Genetic co-regulation of neopterin and Parkinson's disease.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2026Article
- Serotonin, Kynurenine, and Indole Pathways of Tryptophan Metabolism in Humans in Health and Disease.Nutrients · 2026Review
- ALDH2/eIF3E Interaction Modulates Protein Translation Critical for Cardiomyocyte Ferroptosis in Acute Myocardial Ischemia Injury.Circulation · 2026Article
- Metabolomic shifts in beef steers rotationally grazing toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue under fall conditions.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Cerebral folate deficiency, developmental difficulties in autism spectrum disorder and the role of leucovorin: a narrative review of mechanisms and clinical evidence.Drugs in context · 2026Review
34 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tetrahydrobipterin (BH4) is a pivotal enzymatic cofactor required for the synthesis of serotonin, dopamine and nitric oxide. BH4 is essential for numerous physiological processes at periphery and central levels, such as vascularization, inflammation, glucose homeostasis, regulation of oxidative stress and neurotransmission. BH4 de novo synthesis involves the sequential activation of three enzymes, the major controlling point being GTP cyclohydrolase I (GCH1). Complementary salvage and recycling pathways ensure that BH4 levels are tightly kept within a physiological range in the body. Even if the way of transport of BH4 and its ability to enter the brain after peripheral administration is still controversial, data showed increased levels in the brain after BH4 treatment. Available evidence shows that GCH1 expression and BH4 synthesis are stimulated by immunological factors, notably pro-inflammatory cytokines. Once produced, BH4 can act as an anti- inflammatory molecule and scavenger of free radicals protecting against oxidative stress. At the same time, BH4 is prone to autoxidation, leading to the release of superoxide radicals contributing to inflammatory processes, and to the production of BH2, an inactive form of BH4, reducing its bioavailability. Alterations in BH4 levels have been documented in many pathological situations, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and depression, in which increased oxidative stress, inflammation and alterations in monoaminergic function are described. This review aims at providing an update of the knowledge about metabolism and the role of BH4 in brain function, from preclinical to clinical studies, addressing some therapeutic implications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.