ReviewJournal of translational autoimmunity2019
Paradoxical role of Breg-inducing cytokines in autoimmune diseases.
Review in Journal of translational autoimmunity, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of Selected Interleukins in the Development and Progression of Multiple Sclerosis-A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Cytokine/chemokine levels in the CSF and serum of anti-NMDAR encephalitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- LBH deficiency influences the therapeutic effects of regulatory B cells through the regulation of IL-10 production via the Rap1 pathway.Cell & bioscience · 2026Article
- The insider's perspective: The intracellular complosome and immune cell dynamics in cancer.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Review
- Serial Expression of Pro-Inflammatory Biomarkers in Acute Lung Injury During the Post-Resuscitation Periods in Rats with Cardiac Arrest.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Immunopathological mechanisms in autoimmune encephalitis: from pathogenesis to targeted therapies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- How Cytokines Regulate Immune Response Toward Chronic Allograft Rejection?Results and problems in cell differentiation · 2026Review
- The vital role of CD19Advances in rheumatology (London, England) · 2025Article
- Exploring the role of APRIL in autoimmunity: implications for therapeutic targeting in systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjögren's syndrome.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Regulatory B cells, the key regulator to induce immune tolerance in organ transplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Article
- The current understanding of the phenotypic and functional properties of human regulatory B cells (Bregs).Oxford open immunology · 2024Review
- The Underappreciated Role of Secretory IgA in IBD.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2023Article
- Re-programming mouse liver-resident invariant natural killer T cells for suppressing hepatic and diabetogenic autoimmunity.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Immunoregulation by antibody secreting cells in inflammation, infection, and cancer.Immunological reviews · 2021Review
- B cell heterogeneity, plasticity, and functional diversity in cancer microenvironments.Oncogene · 2021Review
- In Vitro Characterization of Human CD24International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Regulatory B cells in respiratory health and diseases.Immunological reviews · 2021Review
- Pathogenesis and Function of Interleukin-35 in Rheumatoid Arthritis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- Early Treatment of Interleukin-33 can Attenuate Lupus Development in Young NZB/W F1 Mice.Cells · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Regulatory B cells (Breg) are crucial immunoregulators that maintain peripheral tolerance and suppress inflammatory autoimmune responses. In recent years, our understanding on the nature and mechanism of action of Bregs has revealed the important role of cytokines in promoting the regulatory properties of this unique B cell subset, both in animal and human models. In this review, we compiled the cytokines that have been reported by multiple studies to induce the expansion of Breg. The Breg-inducing cytokines which are currently known include IL-21, IL-6, IL1β, IFNα, IL-33, IL-35, BAFF and APRIL. As cytokines are also known to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, in parallel we reviewed the pattern of expression of the Breg-inducing cytokines in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS). We show here that Breg-inducing cytokines are commonly implicated in these inflammatory diseases where they typically have a higher expression than in healthy individuals, suggesting their paradoxical nature. Interestingly, despite the general overexpression of Breg-inducing cytokines, it is known that Breg cells are often numerically or functionally impaired in various autoimmune conditions. Considering these alterations, we explored the possible parameters that may influence the function of Breg-inducing cytokines in exhibiting either their regulatory or pro-inflammatory properties in the context of autoimmune conditions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.