ArticleIJU case reports2019
Expression of PD-L1 and CTLA-4 in female urethral carcinoma.
Article in IJU case reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy in primary female urethral squamous cell carcinoma: a case report.The Journal of international medical research · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionAlthough the tumors are often easily detected, a considerable number of patients with female urethral carcinoma are diagnosed in an advance stage. Thus, no evidence-based therapeutic approach has been established. We herein report our experience in the treatment of three female patients with urethral carcinoma. We also examined the expression of PD-L1 and CTLA-4. CASE PRESENTATION: Three female patients pathologically diagnosed with urethral carcinoma, including urothelial carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma, between 2013 and 2017 were analyzed in this study. Two patients underwent urethrectomy with cystostomy. Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess the levels of PD-L1 and CTLA-4 expression in patients with urethral carcinoma. Eleven control cases of urethral carcinoma tissue were also stained.
conclusionThis study revealed the expression of PD-L1 and CTLA-4 in female urethral carcinomas.
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