Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32742130›Full record

ArticleWorld journal of gastroenterology2020

Risk factors associated with inflammatory bowel disease: A multicenter case-control study in Brazil.

Valéria Cristina Loureiro Salgado, Ronir Raggio Luiz, Neio Lucio Fernandes Boéchat, Isabella Sued Leão, Bianca do Carmo Schorr, José Miguel Luz Parente, Daniela Calado Lima, Eduardo Santos Silveira Júnior, Genoile Oliveira Santana Silva, Neogélia Pereira Almeida and 12 more

Open access · greenAbstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in World journal of gastroenterology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
2.5field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors at 9 institutions in 3 countries.

Valéria Cristina Loureiro SalgadoDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Clementino Fraga Filho Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21940-230, Brazil.
Ronir Raggio LuizInstitute for Studies in Public Health, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21940-230, Brazil.
Neio Lucio Fernandes BoéchatMultidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Clementino Fraga Filho Hospital, Institute of Thoracic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21940-230, Brazil.
Isabella Sued LeãoDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Clementino Fraga Filho Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21940-230, Brazil.
Bianca do Carmo SchorrDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Clementino Fraga Filho Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21940-230, Brazil.
José Miguel Luz ParenteDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital University, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Piauí, Piauí 64049-550, Brazil.
Daniela Calado LimaDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital University, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Piauí, Piauí 64049-550, Brazil.
Eduardo Santos Silveira JúniorDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital University, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Piauí, Piauí 64049-550, Brazil.
Genoile Oliveira Santana SilvaDivision of Gastroenterology, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Outpatient Clinic, Roberto Santos General Hospital (HGRS) of the Bahia State Department of Health, Bahia 40110-060, Brazil.
Neogélia Pereira AlmeidaDivision of Gastroenterology, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Outpatient Clinic, Roberto Santos General Hospital (HGRS) of the Bahia State Department of Health, Bahia 40110-060, Brazil.
Andrea VieiraDivision of Gastroenterology, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Outpatient Clinic, Irmandade Santa Casa da Misericórdia of São Paulo, São Paulo 01221020, Brazil.
Maria Luiza Queiroz de BuenoDivision of Gastroenterology, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Outpatient Clinic, Irmandade Santa Casa da Misericórdia of São Paulo, São Paulo 01221020, Brazil.
Júlio Maria ChebliDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital University, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais 36036-247, Brazil.
Érika Ruback BertgesDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital University, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais 36036-247, Brazil.
Luísa Martins da Costa BrugnaraDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital University, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais 36036-247, Brazil.
Columbano Junqueira NetoDivision of Gastroenterology, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Outpatient Clinic, Federal District Base Hospital, Brasília 70330-150, Brazil.
Stefania Burjack Gabriel CampbellDivision of Gastroenterology, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Outpatient Clinic, Federal District Base Hospital, Brasília 70330-150, Brazil.
Luana Letiza DiscacciatiDivision of Gastroenterology, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Outpatient Clinic, Federal District Base Hospital, Brasília 70330-150, Brazil.
João Paulo Silva CézarDivision of Gastroenterology, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Outpatient Clinic, Federal District Base Hospital, Brasília 70330-150, Brazil.
Tiago NunesGastrointestinal Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Science, Nestle Research Center, Lausanne 1000, Switzerland.
Gilaad G KaplanDepartments of Medicine and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N4Z6, Canada.
Cyrla ZaltmanDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Clementino Fraga Filho Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21940-230, Brazil. c.zaltman@gmail.com.
Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho · BRHospital de Base · BRUniversidade Federal de Juiz de Fora · BRUniversidade Federal do Piauí · BRIrmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo · BRUniversidade do Estado da Bahia · BRHôpital Nestlé · CHUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro · BRUniversity of Calgary · CA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is unknown, but it is believed to be multifactorial. The hygiene hypothesis proposes that better hygiene conditions would lead to less infectious disease during childhood and favor the development of immune-mediated diseases.

aimTo test the hygiene hypothesis in IBD by assessing the environmental risk factors associated with IBD development in different regions of Brazil with diverse socioeconomic development indices.

methodsA multicenter case-control study was carried out with 548 Crohn's disease (CD) and 492 ulcerative colitis (UC) outpatients and 416 healthy controls, from six IBD centers within different Brazilian states at diverse socioeconomic development stages. A semi-structured questionnaire with 87 socioeconomic and environmental questions was applied. Logistic regression model was created to assess the odds ratio (OR) with

resultsPredictive variables for both diseases (CD and UC) were women [odd ratios (OR) = 1.31; OR = 1.69], low monthly family income (OR = 1.78; OR = 1.57), lower number of cohabitants (OR = 1.70; OR = 1.60), absence of vaccination (OR = 3.11; OR = 2.51), previous history of bowel infections (OR = 1.78; OR = 1.49), and family history of IBD (OR = 5.26; OR = 3.33). Associated risk factors for CD were age (18-39 years) (OR = 1.73), higher educational level (OR = 2.22), absence of infectious childhood diseases (OR = 1.99). The UC predictive variables were living in an urban area (OR = 1.62), inadequate living conditions (OR = 1.48) and former smokers (OR = 3.36). Appendectomy was a risk factor for CD (OR = 1.58) with inverse association with UC (OR = 4.79). Consumption of treated and untreated water was associated with risk of CD (OR = 1.38) and UC (OR = 1.53), respectively.

conclusionThis is the first examining environmental exposures as risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease in Brazil. Most of the variables associated with disease risk support the role of the hygiene hypothesis in IBD development.

Indexed as

Colitis, UlcerativeInflammatory Bowel DiseasesAdolescentAdultBrazilCase-Control StudiesFemaleHumansMaleRisk FactorsYoung AdultCrohn’s diseaseEnvironmental factorsHygiene hypothesisRisk factorsUlcerative colitis

Identifiers

PMID32742130
PMCPMC7366056
OpenAlexW3038540867

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.