ArticleBulletin of the World Health Organization2020
Hand-hygiene compliance by hospital staff and incidence of health-care-associated infections, Finland.
Article in Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Hand Hygiene Training Given With Different Methods on Students' Hand Hygiene Beliefs, Practices and Skills
Effectiveness of Implementing an Infection Control Link Nurses Program to Improve Nurses' Compliance With Standard Precautions, Healthcare Professionals' Compliance With Hand Hygiene, and to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections: a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Changes in Alcohol-Based Handrub Usage Among Hospital Staff Four Years After the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Single-Centre Observational Time-Series Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Adherence to basic hygiene routines in an infectious disease setting: associations with knowledge and professional role.Frontiers in public health · 2026Observational
- Optimization path and implementation effectiveness of infection prevention and control interventions in a children's hospital: a quantitative assessment.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Evaluation of hand hygiene implementation in hospitals in the post-war Tigray region of Ethiopia, using the WHO Hand Hygiene Self-Assessment Framework.Infection prevention in practice · 2025Article
- Hierarchical management and precision intervention reduce peritonitis and improve hand hygiene in diabetic nephropathy peritoneal dialysis patients.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Performance and Perceptions of Health Care Professionals Using an Immersive Virtual Reality Tool for Home Care Training: Observational Feasibility and Acceptability Study.JMIR serious games · 2025Article
- Improving Hand Hygiene Skills Using Virtual Reality: Quasi-Experimental Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Article
- Antibacterial properties of novel transparent copper films: a potential new tool to reduce healthcare-associated infections in hospitals and healthcare facilities.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Work Experiences Among Infection Control Link Nurses in ICUs: A Qualitative Study.Journal of nursing management · 2025Article
- Temporal trends in the incidence of adverse effects of medical treatment in BRICS countries from 1990 to 2021: an age-period cohort analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Profiling and comprehensive analysis of microbiome and ARGs of nurses and nursing workers in China: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- IoT-Based Hand Hygiene Compliance Monitoring System and Validation of Its Effectiveness in Hospital Environments.Global challenges (Hoboken, NJ) · 2024Article
- Clinical Effectiveness of a 3-Step Versus a 6-Step Hand Hygiene Technique: A Randomized Controlled Cross-over Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Article
- Association between Hand Hygiene Knowledge and Self-Efficacy in Nursing Students: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study within the Framework of the Erasmus Project.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2024Article
- Compliance of healthcare workers in a psychiatric inpatient ward to infection control practices during the COVID-19 pandemic: a participant observation study supplemented with a self-reported survey.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Observational
- Rinse, gel, and foam - is there any evidence for a difference in their effectiveness in preventing infections?Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2024Review
- Risk factors for transmission of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in outbreak situations: results of a case-control study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Importance of Hospital Infection Control.Cureus · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo determine changes in hand-hygiene compliance after the introduction of direct observation of hand-hygiene practice for doctors and nurses, and evaluate the relationship between the changes and the incidence of health-care-associated infections.
methodsWe conducted an internal audit survey in a tertiary-care hospital in Finland from 2013 to 2018. Infection-control link nurses observed hand-hygiene practices based on the World Health Organization's strategy for hand hygiene. We calculated hand-hygiene compliance as the number of observations where necessary hand-hygiene was practised divided by the total number of observations where hand hygiene was needed. We determined the incidence of health-care-associated infections using a semi-automated electronic incidence surveillance programme. We calculated the Pearson correlation coefficient (
findingsThe link nurses made 52 115 hand-hygiene observations between 2013 and 2018. Annual hand-hygiene compliance increased significantly from 76.4% (2762/3617) in 2013 to 88.5% (9034/10 211) in 2018 (
conclusionThe compliance of doctors and nurses with hand-hygiene practices improved with direct observation and feedback, and this change was associated with a decrease in the incidence of health-care-associated infections. Further studies are needed to evaluate the contribution of hand hygiene to reducing health-care-associated infections.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.