ReviewNephron2020
Proenkephalin: A New Biomarker for Glomerular Filtration Rate and Acute Kidney Injury.
Review in Nephron, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Novel biomarkers for predicting successful liberation of renal replacement therapy for acute kidney injury: a systematic review.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Proenkephalin as a biomarker correlates with acute kidney injury: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2023Pooled it
- Proenkephalin as a Novel Prognostic Marker in Heart Failure Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Augmented renal clearance: from pathophysiological mechanisms to clinical implications and research perspectives.Renal failure · 2026Review
- The Role of Proenkephalin in Predicting Renal Dysfunction and Mortality in Septic Patients Admitted to the Emergency Department and Intensive Care Unit: A Narrative Review.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Serum proenkephalin-A as a potential biomarker for assessing renal impairment severity in diabetic kidney disease.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Article
- Plasma proenkephalin-a facilitates measurement of human kidney functional reserve: From healthy kidney donors to polymorbid patients.Physiological reports · 2026Article
- Novel biomarkers in acute kidney injury: their role in the diagnosis of kidney dysfunction and etiology definition, their potential as predictive markers of structural renal damage severity.Internal and emergency medicine · 2026Observational
- Diagnostic potential of urinaryTranslational andrology and urology · 2026Article
- What new renal biomarkers tell us about renal physiology: Collection: physiology applied to ICU.Annals of intensive care · 2026Review
- Proenkephalin a 119-159 for evaluating glomerular filtration rate and hemodialysis adequacy in patients with end-stage kidney disease: a prospective cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Observational
- Acute Kidney Injury Biomarkers in Perioperative Care: A Scoping Review of Clinical Implementation.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Long COVID and the kidney.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2025Review
- A new category for understanding the mechanisms of drug-induced kidney injury.Renal failure · 2025Review
- Evaluation of a Novel Biomarker Panel for Acute Kidney Injury Following Endovascular Aortic Repair.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Integrating Novel Biomarkers into Clinical Practice: A Practical Framework for Diagnosis and Management of Cardiorenal Syndrome.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Proenkephalin A 119-159 as an early biomarker of acute kidney injury in complex endovascular aortic repair: an explorative single-center cross-sectional study with the utilization of two measurement methods.Perioperative medicine (London, England) · 2025Article
- Biomarkers as Beacons: Illuminating Sepsis-Associated Hepato-Renal Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Markers of Kidney Injury: Proenkephalin A and Uromodulin, but Not Dickkopf-3, Are Elevated in Patients After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Assessment of kidney function is primarily based on urine output and Creatinine (Cr)-based methods to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The latter is confounded as Cr is not exclusively filtered by the kidney and rises relatively late after the onset of acute kidney injury (AKI). This leads to delays in recognition of reduced kidney function and diagnosis of AKI, particularly in critically ill patients where kidney function can change rapidly. The gold standard methods of GFR determination, such as inulin or iohexol clearance, are labor intensive and unfeasible in acute clinical settings. Proenkephalin A 119-159 (PENK) has been intensively studied as a novel biomarker of kidney function. PENK belongs to the enkephalin peptide family and is freely filtrated in the glomerulus. Plasma PENK concentration appears to correlate strongly with GFR. Moreover, increased plasma PENK concentrations are found to be associated with long-term kidney outcomes and mortality. In this review, we summarize the role of PENK in assessment of kidney function and its capacity to predict various clinical outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.