ReviewInternational journal of antimicrobial agents2020
Lactoferrin as potential preventative and adjunct treatment for COVID-19.
Review in International journal of antimicrobial agents, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 102 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Bovine Lactoferrin for the Prevention of COVID-19 Infection in Physicians and Nurses in Hospitals in Lima, Peru: a Double Blinded Randomized Clinical Trial (LF-COVID)
The Effect of Lactoferrin in Improving Clinical Outcomes in ICU Patients
Who cites it
102 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 159 citations in OpenAlex.
- COVID-19 in comorbid chronic diseased patients, pregnant and lactating women: pathophysiology, available drug treatment, and the most suitable protocol regimen in each group.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The effects of orally administered lactoferrin in the prevention and management of viral infections: A systematic review.Reviews in medical virology · 2022Pooled it
- Bovine lactoferrin for the prevention of COVID-19 infection in health care personnel: a double-blinded randomized clinical trial (LF-COVID).Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2023Trial
- Effect of Lactoferrin on Clinical Outcomes of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: The LAC Randomized Clinical Trial.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- The Prospect of Lactoferrin Use as Adjunctive Agent in Management of SARS-CoV-2 Patients: A Randomized Pilot Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2021Trial
- Potential Clinical Benefits of Quercetin in the Early Stage of COVID-19: Results of a Second, Pilot, Randomized, Controlled and Open-Label Clinical Trial.International journal of general medicine · 2021Trial
- Drug Repurposing as a Broad-Spectrum Strategy Against Coronaviruses: Frontiers in Mechanisms and Clinical Translation.Viruses · 2026Review
- Study of the potential protective efficacy of lactoferrin on indomethacin-induced gastric fundic mucosal injury in rats.Journal of molecular histology · 2026Article
- Bovine lactoferrin induces apoptosis and modulates the transcriptomic landscape of HeLa cervical cancer cells.Biology direct · 2026Article
- Whey Proteins and Immunity: Mechanisms Underlying Immune System Reinforcement and Protection Against Viral and Bacterial Infections.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Effects of Exposure to High Temperature and Combustion by Products on Firefighter Saliva: An Evaluation of PH, Flow, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, Lactoferrin and Lysozyme.Annals of burns and fire disasters · 2025Article
- Review
- Premastication-Review of an Infant Feeding Practice and Its Potential Impact on Allergy and Microbiome Development.Allergy · 2025Review
- Lactoferrin and SIgA Concentrations in Human Milk of SARS-CoV-Infected Mothers-Polish Cohort Study.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Role of Ferroptosis in the Progression of COVID-19 and the Development of Long COVID.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- Lactoferrin Supplementation in Preventing and Protecting from SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Is There Any Role in General and Special Populations? An Updated Review of Literature.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Assessment of Supplementation with Different Biomolecules in the Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Impact of a Functional Dairy Powder and Its Primary Component on the Growth of Pathogenic and Probiotic Gut Bacteria and Human Coronavirus 229E.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Beneficial Effects on Exercise Capacity Associated with a Combination of Lactoferrin, Lysozyme, Lactobacillus, Resveratrol, Vitamins, and Oligoelements in Patients with Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
42 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is rapidly advancing across the globe despite drastic public and personal health measures. Antivirals and nutritional supplements have been proposed as potentially useful against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the novel coronavirus that causes COVID-19, but few have been clinically established. Lactoferrin (Lf) is a naturally occurring, non-toxic glycoprotein that is orally available as a nutritional supplement and has established in vitro antiviral efficacy against a wide range of viruses, including SARS-CoV, a closely related coronavirus to SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, Lf possesses unique immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects that may be especially relevant to the pathophysiology of severe COVID-19 cases. Here we review the underlying biological mechanisms of Lf as an antiviral and immune regulator, and propose its unique potential as a preventative and adjunct treatment for COVID-19. We hope that further research and development of Lf nutritional supplementation would establish its role for COVID-19.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.