ArticleNeuropsychologia2020
Contextual reinstatement promotes extinction generalization in healthy adults but not PTSD.
Article in Neuropsychologia, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Augmenting extinction with counterconditioning strengthens and sustains neural safety representations in PTSD.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Distinct representational properties of cues and contexts shape fear and reversal learning.eLife · 2026Article
- Neural Reinstatement of Encoding Context Mediates the Switch between Fear and Extinction Recall.Journal of cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- Encoding-Retrieval Similarity Reveals Distinct Neural Reinstatement of Safety Memories Following Counterconditioning in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2025Article
- Transcriptional characterization of cocaine withdrawal versus extinction within nucleus accumbens in male rats.Nature communications · 2025Article
- No effect of partial reinforcement on fear extinction learning and memory in C57BL/6J mice.Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Event Segmentation Promotes the Reorganization of Emotional Memory.Journal of cognitive neuroscience · 2025Article
- Current State of the Neuroscience of Fear Extinction and Its Relevance to Anxiety Disorders.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2025Review
- Emotional intensity produces a linear relationship on conditioned learning but an inverted U-shaped effect on episodic memory.Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- Review
- Semantic structures facilitate threat memory integration throughout the medial temporal lobe and medial prefrontal cortex.Current biology : CB · 2024Article
- Decoding context memories for threat in large-scale neural networks.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2024Article
- Real-world implications of aphantasia: episodic recall of eyewitnesses with aphantasia is less complete but no less accurate than typical imagers.Royal Society open science · 2023Article
- Aerobic exercise after extinction learning reduces return of fear and enhances memory of items encoded during extinction learning.Mental health and physical activity · 2023Article
- Aerobic exercise in the treatment of PTSD: An examination of preclinical and clinical laboratory findings, potential mechanisms, clinical implications, and future directions.Journal of anxiety disorders · 2023Review
- Neuroimaging of Fear Extinction.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2023Review
- Changes in fear-associated learning task brain activation over the COVID-19 pandemic period: a preliminary longitudinal analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Pattern analysis of neuroimaging data reveals novel insights on threat learning and extinction in humans.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2022Review
- Rewarded Extinction Increases Amygdalar Connectivity and Stabilizes Long-Term Memory Traces in the vmPFC.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2022Article
- Cortico-Striatal Activity Characterizes Human Safety Learning via Pavlovian Conditioned Inhibition.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
For episodic memories, reinstating the mental context of a past experience improves retrieval of memories formed during that experience. Does context reinstatement serve a similar role for implicit, associative memories such as fear and extinction? Here, we used a fear extinction paradigm to investigate whether the retrieval of extinction (safety) memories is associated with reactivation of the mental context from extinction memory formation. In a two-day Pavlovian conditioning, extinction, and renewal protocol, we collected functional MRI data while healthy adults and adults with PTSD symptoms learned that conditioned stimuli (CSs) signaled threat through association with an electrical shock. Following acquisition, conceptually related exemplars from the CS category no longer signaled threat (i.e., extinction). Critically, during extinction only, task-irrelevant stimuli were presented between each CS trial to serve as "context tags" for subsequent identification of the possible reinstatement of this extinction context during a test of fear renewal the next day. We found that healthy adults exhibited extinction context reinstatement, as measured via multivariate pattern analysis of fMRI data, in the medial temporal lobe that related to behavioral performance, such that greater reinstatement predicted CSs being rated as safe instead of threatening. Moreover, context reinstatement positively correlated with univariate activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, regions which are thought to be important for extinction learning. These relationships were not observed in the PTSD symptom group. These findings provide new evidence of a contextual reinstatement mechanism that helps resolve competition between the retrieval of opposing associative memories of threat and safety in the healthy adult brain that is dysregulated in PTSD.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.