ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2020
Quantitative Assessment of Asymmetric Choroidal Outflow in Pachychoroid Eyes on Ultra-Widefield Indocyanine Green Angiography.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of anterior scleral thickness in pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy, central serous chorioretinopathy and pachychoroid neovasculopathy.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Wide-Field OCTA Evaluation of Dominant Vortex Veins Among Healthy and Pachychoroid Eyes: Distribution Patterns and Choroidal Parameters.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Widefield Analysis of Choroidal Vascular Characteristics in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy With Different Choroidal Vein Drainage System.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Quadrant asymmetry alteration of retinal degeneration in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Quadrant asymmetry alteration of deep retinal capillary plexus degeneration in pathological myopia.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Engineered Perfluorochemical Cancer-Derived Exosomes Loaded with Indocyanine Green and Camptothecin Provide Targeted Photochemotherapy for Effective Cancer Treatment.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Article
- Carcinomembrane-Camouflaged Perfluorochemical Dual-Layer Nanopolymersomes Bearing Indocyanine Green and Camptothecin Effectuate Targeting Photochemotherapy of Cancer.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2024Article
- Choroidal Vortex Vein Drainage System in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Using Ultra-Widefield Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.Translational vision science & technology · 2023Observational
- Choroidal Vein Alterations in Pachychoroid Disease With Choroidal Vascular Hyperpermeability: Evaluated by Wide-Field Indocyanine Green Angiography.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Scleral Thickness as a Risk Factor for Central Serous Chorioretinopathy and Pachychoroid Neovasculopathy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Choroidal morphologic features in central serous chorioretinopathy using ultra-widefield optical coherence tomography.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2023Article
- Vortex vein engorgement and different shapes of venous drainage systems in polypoid choroidal vasculopathy vs. age‑related macular degeneration on indocyanine green angiography.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2023Article
- Quadrant Asymmetry in Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Metrics in Ischemic Versus Non-Ischemic Central Retinal Vein Occlusion Eyes.Translational vision science & technology · 2023Article
- Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of diabetic choroidopathy using ultra-widefield indocyanine green angiography.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Choroidal arteriovenous anastomoses: a hypothesis for the pathogenesis of central serous chorioretinopathy and other pachychoroid disease spectrum abnormalities.Acta ophthalmologica · 2022Article
- Quantitative analysis of ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography in uveitis associated with sarcoidosis.Heliyon · 2022Article
- Correlation of Diabetic Disease Severity to Degree of Quadrant Asymmetry in En Face OCTA Metrics.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2022Article
- Choroidal vascular alterations evaluated by ultra-widefield indocyanine green angiography in central serous chorioretinopathy.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2022Article
- Ultra-Widefield Indocyanine Green Angiography Reveals Patterns of Choroidal Venous Insufficiency Influencing Pachychoroid Disease.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2022Observational
- Wide-field OCT-angiography assessment of choroidal thickness and choriocapillaris in eyes with central serous chorioretinopathy.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Purpose: To quantitatively demonstrate asymmetric choroidal outflow in pachychoroid (central serous chorioretinopathy [CSC]/pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy [PPE]) eyes using mid-phase, ultra-widefield indocyanine green angiography (UWF ICGA) images. Methods: Eyes with a clinical diagnosis of CSC/PPE were imaged with multimodal imaging including UWF ICGA (Optos California). Quadrant brightness was measured by manually segmenting based on vortex vein location, calculating the brightness "max-min" value to assess nonuniformity between quadrants, and comparing between CSC/PPE and control eyes. A multivariate linear regression was performed to determine, across individual eyes, which specific quadrants have the greatest brightness in pachychoroid eyes, after taking into account patient-eye-specific variability. Results: Thirty-three eyes (18 patients) with CSC/PPE along with 16 eyes of 9 controls had a mean age of 51.94 ± 9.72 vs. 53.78 ± 17.92 years (P = 0.731), respectively. Max-min analysis showed significantly increased likelihood of nonuniform drainage between vortex veins in both CSC/PPE and control eyes. Multivariate linear regression in control eyes showed that on average, the inferotemporal quadrant was significantly brighter than the superonasal quadrant (9.72 units, P < 0.001). Among CSC/PPE eyes, adjusting for the preferential, nonuniform drainage in control eyes, the inferonasal and inferotemporal quadrants in CSC/PPE eyes remained significantly brighter than the reference quadrant by 5.36 units (P = 0.034) and 7.51 units (P = 0.008), respectively. Conclusions: Asymmetric choroidal venous outflow occurs in both control and CSC/PPE eyes based on UWF ICGA quantitative brightness levels in each quadrant. Increased brightness levels along inferior quadrants in mid-phase ICGA images suggest venous outflow congestion among eyes with CSC or PPE.
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