ArticlePublic health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)
State Laws Governing Syringe Services Programs and Participant Syringe Possession, 2014-2019.
Article in Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vending machines for reducing harm associated with substance use and use disorders, and co-occurring conditions: a systematic review.Harm reduction journal · 2025Pooled it
- Correlates of Syringe Acquisition at Syringe Services Program and Pharmacies among Persons Who Inject Drugs: National HIV Behavioral Surveillance, United States, 2022.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Article
- State HIV Prevention Policy Environments and HIV Prevention Outcomes: Racial and Ethnic Differences in the United States.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Perspectives on harm reduction kit implementation in heterogeneous outpatient clinics.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2026Article
- A comprehensive review of state laws that govern the distribution and possession of drug use equipment in the United States.The International journal on drug policy · 2026Review
- Emergency department-based testing for xylazine and other novel psychoactive substances in Central Alabama: a feasibility study.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Built to exclude: the law is a super-determinant of racial disparities in addiction treatment.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Are we ending the HIV epidemic among persons who inject drugs?: key findings from 19 US cities.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Article
- Allocative efficiency analysis of strategies to reduce overdose deaths among people with opioid use disorder and history of incarceration in Connecticut.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Toward Integrated Models of Infectious Diseases, Harm Reduction, and Primary Care.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Prevalence and correlates of multiple injections per injection episode among people who inject drugs in rural U.S. communities.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Article
- Sterile syringe availability in Georgia pharmacies remained rare, despite policy change permitting sales.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Harm reduction self-efficacy and motivations for contactless supply access among a sample of syringe services program participants.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- An experimental investigation of federal messaging on public support for enforcement- and treatment-based approaches for opioid overdose prevention in South Carolina.Health & justice · 2025Article
- U.S. substance use harm reduction efforts: a review of the current state of policy, policy barriers, and recommendations.Harm reduction journal · 2025Review
- How competing needs after incarceration lead to adverse health outcomes among people who use criminalized drugs.BMC global and public health · 2025Review
- Implementation determinants of safer smoking supplies in U.S. syringe services programs.Implementation science communications · 2025Article
- Facilitators and barriers to monitoring and evaluation at syringe service programs.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- ASAP: A pharmacy-level intervention to increase nonprescription syringe sales to reduce bloodborne illnesses.Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP · 2024Article
- Exploring the harm reduction paradigm: the role of Board-Certified Psychiatric Pharmacists.The mental health clinician · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveLaw is an important factor in the diffusion of syringe services programs (SSPs). This study measures the current status of, and 5-year change in, state laws governing SSP operations and possession of syringes by participants.
methodsLegal researchers developed a cross-sectional data set measuring key features of state laws and regulations governing the possession and distribution of syringes across the 50 US states and the District of Columbia in effect on August 1, 2019. We compared these data with previously collected data on laws as of August 1, 2014.
resultsThirty-nine states (including the District of Columbia) had laws in effect on August 1, 2019, that removed legal impediments to, explicitly authorized, and/or regulated SSPs. Thirty-three states had 1 or more laws consistent with legal possession of syringes by SSP participants under at least some circumstances. Changes from 2014 to 2019 included an increase of 14 states explicitly authorizing SSPs by law and an increase of 12 states with at least 1 provision reducing legal barriers to SSPs. Since 2014, the number of states explicitly authorizing SSPs nearly doubled, and the new states included many rural, southern, or midwestern states that had been identified as having poor access to SSPs, as well as states at high risk for HIV and hepatitis C virus outbreaks. Substantial legal barriers to SSP operation and participant syringe possession remained in >20% of US states.
conclusionLegal barriers to effective operation of SSPs have declined but continue to hinder the prevention and reduction of drug-related harm.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.