ArticleMedicine and science in sports and exercise2020
Traditional and New Perspectives on Youth Cardiorespiratory Fitness.
Article in Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Physiological evaluation of the Calgary adapted aRm ergometer (CARE) concussion exertion test in adolescent athletes: A repeated-measures observational study.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- The legs of the young heart stool: how motor competence, muscle strength, and physical activity support cardiorespiratory fitness in preschoolers?Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Article
- Effect of Scaling Peak Oxygen Uptake for Body Size and Composition to Assess Cardiometabolic Risk in Children.Medicine and science in sports and exercise · 2025Article
- Direction of Change in Cardiorespiratory Fitness in School-Age Children: A Longitudinal Single-Centre Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Reference Values for Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test in Children-How to Report Them Correctly?Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Spanish Youth: The Roles of Sex, Age, Body Composition, and Healthy Lifestyle Habits in Cor-School Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Longitudinal relationship between screen time, cardiorespiratory fitness, and waist circumference of children and adolescents: a 3-year cohort study.BMC pediatrics · 2023Observational
- Associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents with obesity.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Association Between Risk Factors in Childhood and Sex Differences in Prevalence of Carotid Artery Plaques and Intima-Media Thickness in Mid-Adulthood in the Childhood Determinants of Adult Health Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Article
- Heart rate and gas exchange dynamic responses to multiple brief exercise bouts (MBEB) in early- and late-pubertal boys and girls.Physiological reports · 2022Article
- Association between Cardiopulmonary Capacity and Body Mass Composition in Children and Adolescents with High Body Weight: A Cross-Sectional Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Comparison of VOJournal of exercise science and fitness · 2022Article
- Relationship between Anthropometric, Physical and Hormonal Parameters among Pre-Pubertal Handball Players.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Sex-related differences in accumulated OEuropean journal of applied physiology · 2021Article
- Influence of sex-specific concurrent changes in age, maturity status, and morphological covariates on the development of peak ventilatory variables in 10-17-year-olds.European journal of applied physiology · 2021Article
- Scientific Rigour in the Assessment and Interpretation of Youth Cardiopulmonary Fitness: A Response to the Paper 'Journal of sports science & medicine · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThis study aimed to review traditional and new perspectives in the interpretation of the development of youth cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF).
methodsWe analyzed data from (i) the literature which for 80 yr has been traditionally based on interpretations of peak oxygen uptake (V˙O2) in ratio with body mass (BM) and (ii) recent multilevel allometric models founded on 994 (475 from girls) determinations of 10- to 16-yr-olds' peak V˙O2 with measures of age, maturity status, and morphological covariates (BM and fat-free mass), and from 10 to 13 yr, 110 peak V˙O2 determinations of maximum cardiovascular covariates (stroke volume, cardiac output, and arteriovenous oxygen difference).
resultsThe application of ratio scaling of physiological variables requires satisfying specific statistical assumptions that are seldom met. In direct conflict with the ratio-scaled data interpretation of CRF, multilevel allometric modeling shows that with BM controlled, peak V˙O2 increases with age but the effect is smaller in girls than boys. Maturity status exerts a positive effect on peak V˙O2, in addition to those of age and BM. Changes in maximum cardiovascular covariates contribute to explaining the development of CRF, but fat-free mass (as a surrogate for active muscle mass) is the most powerful single influence. With age, maturity status, morphological covariates, and maximum cardiovascular covariates controlled, there remains an unexplained ~4% to ~9% sex difference in peak V˙O2.
conclusionsThe traditional interpretation of peak V˙O2 in ratio with BM is fallacious and leads to spurious correlations with other health-related variables. Studies of the development of CRF require analyses of sex-specific, concurrent changes in age- and maturation-driven morphological and maximum cardiovascular covariates. Multilevel allometric modeling provides a rigorous, flexible, and sensitive method of data analysis.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.