ArticlePublic health nursing (Boston, Mass.)2020
Prenatal cigarette smoking as a mediator between racism and depressive symptoms: The Biosocial Impact on Black Births Study.
Article in Public health nursing (Boston, Mass.), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Self-Reported Cannabis Use in Pregnancy and Maternal Psychological Health.Cannabis (Albuquerque, N.M.) · 2026Article
- Perceived racial discrimination and tobacco and cannabis use in pregnant Black Americans: The mediating role of depressive symptoms.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Investigating the Role of Race and Stressful Life Events on the Smoking Patterns of Pregnant and Postpartum Women in the United States: A Multistate Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System Phase 8 (2016-2018) Analysis.Maternal and child health journal · 2023Article
- Assessing Perception of Prenatal Care Quality Among Black Women in the United States.Journal of midwifery & women's health · 2022Article
- Intimate partner violence, prenatal stress, and substance use among pregnant Black women.Public health nursing (Boston, Mass.) · 2021Article
- Article
- Experiences of Discrimination and Depression Trajectories over Pregnancy.Women's health issues : official publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's HealthArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThis study examined whether cigarette smoking mediated the association of racial discrimination with depressive symptoms among pregnant Black women.
designCross-sectional. SAMPLE: Two hundred Black women at 8-29 weeks gestation. MEASUREMENTS: Women completed questionnaires including the Experiences of Discrimination and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scales, as well as questions about sociodemographic characteristics and cigarette smoking.
resultsThe mean age of the sample was 26.9 ± 5.7 years and the mean gestational age at data collection was 15.6 ± 5.7 weeks. Approximately 17% of women reported prenatal cigarette smoking; 27% had prenatal CES-D scores ≥23, which have been correlated with depression diagnoses; and 59% reported ever (lifetime) experiencing discrimination in at least one situation (e.g., at work). Path analysis results indicated that the standardized indirect effect of experiences of racial discrimination on CES-D scores through prenatal smoking was statistically significant (standardized indirect effect = 0.03; 95% CI: 0.001, 0.094; p = .042).
conclusionCigarette smoking during pregnancy partially mediated the association between lifetime experiences of racial discrimination and prenatal depressive symptoms among pregnant Black women. Smoking cessation programs should focus on identifying and treating depressive symptoms among pregnant Black women.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.