ArticleJournal of youth and adolescence2021
Which Boys and Which Girls Are Falling Behind? Linking Adolescents' Gender Role Profiles to Motivation, Engagement, and Achievement.
Article in Journal of youth and adolescence, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- How Peers Inform Adolescents' Academic Self-Concept and Achievement: A Three-Wave Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Analysis.Journal of youth and adolescence · 2026Article
- The role of self-assessment in the formation of communication style in middle school children.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Validation of the Polish adaptation of the Students' Punishment Sensitivity Scale in an educational context.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Review
- 'You Should Be Yourself'-Secondary Students' Descriptions of Social Gender Demands.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Gender Disparities in Mental Health and Study Demands among Medical Students: A Three-Cohort Study at Two German Universities.Perspectives on medical education · 2025Article
- Analysis of the current situation of college students' achievement motivation and influencing factors-an empirical analysis based on a college in Shandong Province.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- The relationship between intellectual curiosity and learning engagement in mathematics among adolescents: an analysis of chain multiple mediating effects.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- A small shift, a major leap: Changing gender-role attitudes among adolescents across two ethnic groups.Journal of adolescence · 2024Article
- Linda's Cars versus Dominik's Dolls: How Do Pedagogical Educators in Training React to Children's Violations of Gender Stereotypes?Archives of sexual behavior · 2024Article
- Exploring Entrepreneurial Intention and Student Engagement of Youth Living in Poverty.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Psychometric Validation of the Adult Prosocialness Behavior Scale in a Professional Teaching Context.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Unraveling the complexity of the associations between students' science achievement, motivation, and teachers' feedback.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- The impact of adolescent achievement goal orientation on learning anxiety: The mediation effect of peer interaction.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Examining Social Status Profiles with Gender, School Attended, SES, Academic Achievement and Wellbeing in Urban China.Journal of youth and adolescence · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Research on gender gaps in school tends to focus on average gender differences in academic outcomes, such as motivation, engagement, and achievement. The current study moved beyond a binary perspective to unpack the variations within gender. It identified distinct groups of adolescents based on their patterns of conformity to different gender norms and compared group differences in motivation, engagement, and achievement. Data were collected from 597 English students (aged 14-16 years, 49% girls) on their conformity to traditional masculine and feminine norms, growth mindset, perseverance, self-handicapping, and their English and mathematics performance at the end of secondary school. Latent profile analysis identified seven groups of adolescents (resister boys, cool guys, tough guys, relational girls, modern girls, tomboys, wild girls) and revealed the prevalence of each profile. Within-gender variations show that two thirds of the boys were motivated, engaged, and performed well in school. In contrast, half of the girls showed maladaptive patterns of motivation, engagement, and achievement, and could be considered academically at risk. By shifting the focus from "boys versus girls" to "which boys and which girls", this study reveals the invisibility of well-performing boys and underachieving girls in educational gender gap research.
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