ArticleFrontiers in veterinary science2020
Assisting Decision-Making on Age of Neutering for 35 Breeds of Dogs: Associated Joint Disorders, Cancers, and Urinary Incontinence.
Article in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association between gonadectomy and timing of gonadectomy, and the risk of canine cranial cruciate ligament disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Veterinary surgery : VS · 2025Pooled it
- Sex-stratified immune patterns across the canine lifespan and short-term responses to geroprotective interventions.Biogerontology · 2026Article
- Epidemiological analysis of brain tumours in dogs in Australia between 1994 and 2024.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Developmental programming in dogs.Biology of reproduction · 2026Review
- Gonadectomy and Its Association with Orthopedic and Neoplastic Disorders: A Retrospective Study in Belgium-Part I (Bitches).Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Cumulative gonadal hormone exposure is nonlinearly associated with risk of canine cranial cruciate ligament disease: a generalised additive model analysis of 20,590 dogs (1988-2023).The Journal of small animal practice · 2026Article
- Cutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs: Association with gonadectomy.Brazilian journal of veterinary medicine · 2026Article
- Casuistry of oncological diseases in dogs, focusing on bone tumors treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of the Republic, Uruguay (2018-2023).Brazilian journal of veterinary medicine · 2026Article
- Evaluation of self-ligation of the spermatic cord and vas deferens in open orchiectomy of healthy adult crossbreed dogs: clinical assessment, infrared thermography, and inflammatory biomarkers.Acta cirurgica brasileira · 2026Article
- Diagnostic Imaging Features of Mammary Gland Tumors in Dogs and Cats.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- When - and whether - should we spay/neuter companion dogs.The Journal of small animal practice · 2025Review
- Determining the earliest age for neutering and spaying specific companion dogs.Open veterinary journal · 2025Article
- Behavioral Changes in Cats Following Deslorelin Implantation or Surgical Gonadectomy.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- A Preliminary Study: Evaluation of Oral Trazodone as a Strategy to Reduce Anesthetic Requirements in Bitches Undergoing Ovariectomy.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- A Prospective Study Investigating the Health Outcomes of Bitches Neutered Prepubertally or Post-Pubertally.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Influence of gonadectomy and age at gonadectomy on the risk of developing intervertebral disc herniation in French Bulldogs: a retrospective study.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- A proposed framework for practical multimodal management of osteoarthritis in growing dogs.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Review
- Marijuana Poisoning in Canines in the Aburrá Valley (Antioquia-Colombia), 2023-2024.Veterinary medicine international · 2025Article
- Exploring Dog and Cat Management Practices in Multispecies Households and Their Association with the Pet-Owner Relationship.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Situational Analysis of Cat Ownership and Cat Caring Behaviors in a Community with High Shelter Admissions of Cats.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Neutering (including spaying) of male and female dogs in the first year after birth has become routine in the U.S. and much of Europe, but recent research reveals that for some dog breeds, neutering may be associated with increased risks of debilitating joint disorders and some cancers, complicating pet owners' decisions on neutering. The joint disorders include hip dysplasia, cranial cruciate ligament tear or rupture, and elbow dysplasia. The cancers include lymphoma, mast cell tumor, hemangiosarcoma, and osteosarcoma. In previous studies on the Golden Retriever, Labrador Retriever and German Shepherd Dog, neutering before a year of age was associated with increased risks of one or more joint disorders, 2-4 times that of intact dogs. The increase was particularly seen with dogs neutered by 6 months of age. In female Golden Retrievers, there was an increase in one or more of the cancers followed to about 2-4 times that of intact females with neutering at any age. The goal of the present study was to expand and use the same data collection and analyses to cover an additional 29 breeds, plus three varieties of Poodles. There were major breed differences in vulnerability to neutering, both with regard to joint disorders and cancers. In most cases, the caregiver can choose the age of neutering without increasing the risks of these joint disorders or cancers. Small-dog breeds seemed to have no increased risks of joint disorders associated with neutering, and in only two small breeds (Boston Terrier and Shih Tzu) was there a significant increase in cancers. To assist pet owners and veterinarians in deciding on the age of neutering a specific dog, guidelines that avoid increasing the risks of a dog acquiring these joint disorders or cancers are laid out for neutering ages on a breed-by-breed and sex basis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.