ReviewFrontiers in immunology2020
CD4 T Cell Responses and the Sepsis-Induced Immunoparalysis State.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 115 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
115 citing papers in PubMed, 171 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Unveiling Gut Homeostasis Disruption in Sepsis: Towards an Integrated Mechanistic and Translational Roadmap.Cell proliferation · 2026Review
- Expansion of CD101⁻ neutrophils drives susceptibility to hyperyersiniabactin-producingInfection and immunity · 2026Article
- Differential regulation of monocyte exhaustion by distinct TLR agonists and underlying mechanisms.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Immunogenicity of PCV13 during Hospitalization soon after infection resolution: Vaccis study.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- CD4Nature communications · 2026Article
- Gene expression changes in lymphocytes and monocytes from patients with traumatic brain injury.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Single-cell RNA-Seq reveals transcriptional heterogeneity in sepsis and down-regulation of SNHG5/miR-324-5p/CDK16 axis in T cells.Cell biology and toxicology · 2026Article
- mTOR pathway mediates the endoplasmic reticulum stress -apoptosis of CD4+ T cell through inhibiting autophagy flux in sepsis.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Article
- Article
- Downregulation of USP39 in sepsis reflects immune dysfunction and offers diagnostic and prognostic value.European journal of medical research · 2026Article
- PD-1/TIGIT CD4⁺ T-Cell Signature for Risk Stratification of Post-Weaning Mortality in Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Patients.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- Distinct landscapes of T-cell immunity and TCR repertoire between sepsis and pre-septic high-risk states.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The diagnostic and immunomodulatory role of IL-37 in pediatric sepsis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Recent advances in early screening and diagnosis of sepsis: a narrative review.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Genital tuberculosis initially presenting as pyometra and progressing to miliary tuberculosis: A case report.Respiratory medicine case reports · 2026Article
- T cell exhaustion in sepsis: mechanisms, biomarkers, and immune-reversal strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Sepsis: Immune Trajectories, Monocyte Dysfunction, and Translational Biomarkers.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- Sepsis biomarkers: recent advances and future perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial dysfunction in sepsis-induced immunoparalysis: from immune-cell metabolic reprogramming to clinical biomarkers.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
55 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Sepsis remains a major cause of death in the United States and worldwide, and costs associated with treating septic patients place a large burden on the healthcare industry. Patients who survive the acute phase of sepsis display long-term impairments in immune function due to reductions in numbers and function of many immune cell populations. This state of chronic immunoparalysis renders sepsis survivors increasingly susceptible to infection with newly or previously encountered infections. CD4 T cells play important roles in the development of cellular and humoral immune responses following infection. Understanding how sepsis impacts the CD4 T cell compartment is critical for informing efforts to develop treatments intended to restore immune system homeostasis following sepsis. This review will focus on the current understanding of how sepsis impacts the CD4 T cell responses, including numerical representation, repertoire diversity, phenotype and effector functionality, subset representation (e.g., Th1 and Treg frequency), and therapeutic efforts to restore CD4 T cell numbers and function following sepsis. Additionally, we will discuss recent efforts to model the acute sepsis phase and resulting immune dysfunction using mice that have previously encountered infection, which more accurately reflects the immune system of humans with a history of repeated infection throughout life. A thorough understanding of how sepsis impacts CD4 T cells based on previous studies and new models that accurately reflect the human immune system may improve translational value of research aimed at restoring CD4 T cell-mediated immunity, and overall immune fitness following sepsis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.