ArticleFrontiers in psychology2020
Conscientiousness and Smoking: Do Cultural Context and Gender Matter?
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Stigma toward female smokers: gendered perceptions and moral judgment.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- What factors are associated with new social isolation years after the great East Japan Earthquake?: findings from the TMM CommCohort study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Birth cohort-specific smoking patterns in Japan (1906-2004): a population-based study from the NC-CCAPH consortium.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2025Article
- The impact of oral health disparities on smoking prevalence.Frontiers in public health · 2025Review
- Attachment Avoidance Mediates the Relationship Between Relatedness Frustration and Social Networking Sites Addiction: Conscientiousness and Neuroticism as Moderators.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Risk profiling of tobacco epidemic and estimated number of smokers living in China: a cross-sectional study based on PBICR.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms WithinCurrent addiction reports · 2024Article
- Personality traits and high cigarette dependence among university students: Insights from Lebanon.PloS one · 2024Article
- Association between personality traits and smoking cessation among Chinese adults.BMC psychology · 2023Article
- Age, Period, and Cohort Analysis of Smoking Intensity Among Current Smokers in Malaysia, 1996-2015.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- Prevalence and Factors Associated with Tobacco Smoking in a National Representative Sample of Zambian Adults: Data from the 2017 STEPS - NCDs Survey.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2023Article
- Culture and Health: Recent Developments and Future Directions.The Japanese psychological research · 2022Article
- Trends in Smoking Prevalence and Intensity between 2010 and 2018: Implications for Tobacco Control in China.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Associations Between Food Addiction and Substance-Use Disorders: A Critical Overview of their Overlapping Patterns of Consumption.Current addiction reports · 2022Review
- An experimental vignette study to assess stigmatized attitudes towards tobacco smokers in Kuwait.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2022Article
- Article
- Enhanced Knowledge Inversed Attitude of Oral Cancer Risk Habit Associated With Sociocultural: A Quantitative and Qualitative Pilot Study.Journal of International Society of Preventive & Community DentistryArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Prior studies have found that conscientiousness has a protective effect against smoking, but evidence for this relationship mostly comes from Western contexts. In societies where smoking is pervasive and less stigmatized, the protective effect of conscientiousness on smoking may be less evident. Moreover, whether smoking is viewed as normal or deviant also may vary by gender norms attached to smoking. Using surveys of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) and Japan (MIDJA), we examined patterns in the association between conscientiousness and smoking status (never, former, current) for men and women. We found that in the United States, where the social unacceptability of smoking has dramatically increased, there is an inverse association between conscientiousness and smoking status for both genders. In Japan, where the stigma attached to smoking operates for women but not men, the association between conscientiousness and smoking status varies by gender. For Japanese men, levels of conscientiousness do not differ across smoking statuses. For Japanese women, those who formerly smoked show lower levels of conscientiousness than those who never smoked and those who currently smoke. We interpret these findings in light of differing cultural and historical backgrounds of smoking for men and women.
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