ArticlePoultry science2020
The imbalance of Th1/Th2 triggers an inflammatory response in chicken spleens after ammonia exposure.
Article in Poultry science, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of composite yeast culture on the expression of immune-related genes in the splenic tissue of weaned lambs.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Impact of nanoclay in feed and aluminum sulfate in litter on growth performance, serum biochemistry, and litter chemistry of Nigerian Noiler cockerel birds.Tropical animal health and production · 2025Article
- Immune-iron homeostasis deciphers resistance divergence toFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Ammonia Exposure-Induced Immunological Damage in Chicken Lymphoid Organs via TLR-7/MYD88/NF-κB Signaling Pathway and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Modified PEG-Lipids Enhance the Nasal Mucosal Immune Capacity of Lipid Nanoparticle mRNA Vaccines.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Organic Selenium Alleviates Ammonia-Mediated Abnormal Autophagy by Regulating Inflammatory Pathways and the Keap1/Nrf2 Axis in the Hypothalamus of Finishing Pigs.Biological trace element research · 2023Article
- High ambient humidity aggravates ammonia-induced respiratory mucosal inflammation by eliciting Th1/Th2 imbalance and NF-κB pathway activation in laying hens.Poultry science · 2022Article
- Fecal microbiota transplantation from patients with rheumatoid arthritis causes depression-like behaviors in mice through abnormal T cells activation.Translational psychiatry · 2022Article
- The Role of Antibodies in the Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Virus Infection, and Evaluating Their Contribution to Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Seaweed-Derived Polysaccharides Attenuate Heat Stress-Induced Splenic Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response via Regulating Nrf2 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways.Marine drugs · 2022Article
- Effects of dietary inclusion of Radix Bupleuri extract on the growth performance, and ultrastructural changes and apoptosis of lung epithelial cells in broilers exposed to atmospheric ammonia.Journal of animal science · 2021Article
- Microbiota-Immune Interactions in Ulcerative Colitis and Colitis Associated Cancer and Emerging Microbiota-Based Therapies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Plant-Expressed Receptor Binding Domain of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Elicits Humoral Immunity in Mice.Vaccines · 2021Article
- Th1/Th2 imbalance and heat shock protein mediated inflammatory damage triggered by manganese via activating NF-κB pathway in chicken nervous system in vivo and in vitro.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
- Pharmacological, Biochemical and Immunological Studies on Protective Effect of Mangiferin in 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-Induced Parkinson's Disease in Rats.Annals of neurosciences · 2021Article
- Effects of Ammonia on Gut Microbiota and Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
- Intranasal administration of a recombinant RBD vaccine induced protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in mouse.Vaccine · 2021Article
- Redox Homeostasis in Poultry: Regulatory Roles of NF-κB.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- The Chicken Embryo Model: A Novel and Relevant Model for Immune-Based Studies.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Exposure to High Aerial Ammonia Causes Hindgut Dysbiotic Microbiota and Alterations of Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in Growing Pigs.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ammonia is a hazardous environmental pollutant that can be harmful to animal health. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of ammonia exposure on broiler chicken spleens. We randomly divided one hundred twenty 1-day-old broiler chickens into 3 groups and raised them with exposure to different ammonia concentrations (low, middle, and high); at 42 D of age, the chicken spleens were extracted. We observed histopathologic changes in spleen tissues by microscopy and measured the expression of Th1/Th2 secreted cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, interferon-γ [IFN-γ], tumor necrosis factor-α) by RT-PCR. We also measured the expression of nuclear receptor-κB (NF-κB) pathway-related genes (cyclooxygenase-2 [COX-2], nitric oxide synthase [iNOS], and prostaglandin synthetase [PGE]) in spleens by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Histopathologic observations indicated that the spleen tissues were seriously injured in the high ammonia concentration group. There was abnormal cytokine expression, including increased IL-4, IL-6, and IFN-γ and decreased IL-2, which indicated an imbalance in the Th1/Th2 response. The proinflammatory factors such as NF-κB, COX-2, iNOS, and PGE were upregulated in the high ammonia group. In conclusion, this study illustrated that ammonia exposure led to a Th1/Th2 immune imbalance and triggered the NF-κB pathway, causing inflammatory damage to the spleen.
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