ArticleCell2020
The Impact of Mutations in SARS-CoV-2 Spike on Viral Infectivity and Antigenicity.
Article in Cell, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04993560 (Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Homologous and Heterologous COVID-19 Prime-boost Vaccination in Bahrain), which is not on this map. Cited by 999 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Homologous and Heterologous COVID-19 Prime-boost Vaccination in Bahrain
Who cites it
999 citing papers in PubMed, 1,632 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Efficacy and safety of an inactivated virus-particle vaccine for SARS-CoV-2, BIV1-CovIran: randomised, placebo controlled, double blind, multicentre, phase 3 clinical trial.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2023Trial
- Deep mutational scanning reveals the antibody escape and infectivity landscape of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron JN.1 and XEC receptor-binding domains.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Consensus H3N2 HA immunogens incorporating key antigenic mutations elicit broad-spectrum neutralizing responses.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
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- SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein's Structural Dynamics Affect the Activity of the Bebtelovimab Antibody.Journal of chemical information and modeling · 2026Article
- Disruption of spike protein N-glycosylation induces its endoplasmic reticulum retention and attenuates SARS-CoV-2 infectivity.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Halved but Potent: Exploring the Inhibitory Property of Curcumin Derivatives Against Evolving SARS-CoV-2 Strains.The protein journal · 2026Article
- STING agonists as antiviral agents.FEBS letters · 2026Review
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- Pandemic-driven immune imprinting accelerates evolution of human coronavirus OC43.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Immunogenic relationship mapping supports a minimal-set trivalent vaccine strategy for broad sarbecovirus protection.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- Universal broad-spectrum mucosal vaccine design for human coronaviruses inspired by artificial antibodies.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Preclinical development of a cross-protective β-SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particle vaccine adjuvanted with MF59.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- The Role of Immunosenescence and Inflammaging in the Susceptibility of Older Adults to SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2026Review
- The glycosylation variant at residue 381 of the spike protein contributes to virulence shifts in porcine epidemic diarrhea virus during both natural field transmission and laboratory cell passaging with poor cross-protection.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Insights into the self-assembly and interaction of sars-cov-2 fusion peptides with biomimetic plasma membranes.Nature communications · 2025Article
- mRNA vaccine based on high-frequency prevalent antigens provides broad protection against influenza B virus.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Article
- A single mutation at position 214 of influenza B hemagglutinin enhances cross-neutralization.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
939 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 has been undergoing mutations and is highly glycosylated. It is critically important to investigate the biological significance of these mutations. Here, we investigated 80 variants and 26 glycosylation site modifications for the infectivity and reactivity to a panel of neutralizing antibodies and sera from convalescent patients. D614G, along with several variants containing both D614G and another amino acid change, were significantly more infectious. Most variants with amino acid change at receptor binding domain were less infectious, but variants including A475V, L452R, V483A, and F490L became resistant to some neutralizing antibodies. Moreover, the majority of glycosylation deletions were less infectious, whereas deletion of both N331 and N343 glycosylation drastically reduced infectivity, revealing the importance of glycosylation for viral infectivity. Interestingly, N234Q was markedly resistant to neutralizing antibodies, whereas N165Q became more sensitive. These findings could be of value in the development of vaccine and therapeutic antibodies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.