ReviewThe Lancet. Neurology2020
Brain insulin resistance in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders: mechanisms and therapeutic approaches.
Review in The Lancet. Neurology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 483 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
483 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 765 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of exercise on metabolic risk, cardiovascular fitness, and body composition in elderly women of the past decade: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Insulin resistance and the risk of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.BMC neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Relationship Between Migraine and Alzheimer's Disease: A Study of Mendelian Randomization.Brain and behavior · 2026Pooled it
- Association between diabetes mellitus and risk of Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis and systematic review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- The intellectual landscape of cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes: knowledge structure, research focuses and rising trends.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of antidiabetic drugs in Alzheimer´s disease: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical studies.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2025Pooled it
- A phase 2A/B randomized trial of metabolic modulators intranasal insulin and empagliflozin for MCI and early AD.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Trial
- Effects of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin in early Alzheimer's disease: A randomized controlled trial.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Trial
- Intranasal insulin enhances resting-state functional connectivity in Type 2 Diabetes.PloS one · 2025Trial
- Association of insulin resistance and health-related quality of life with mild cognitive impairment during aging.Scandinavian journal of primary health care · 2026Article
- Insulin mimetics and non-canonical insulin receptor signaling: mechanisms and disease relevance.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Dementia in type 2 diabetes: risk factors, disease processes and opportunities for prevention across the lifespan.Diabetologia · 2026Review
- fNIRS estimates prefrontal cortex activation following glucose load in youths with obesity.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Article
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in neurodegenerative diseases: a bibliometric analysis of global research trends and research hotspots from 2006 to 2025.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Semaglutide Alleviates LPS-Induced Cognitive Disorder via O-GlcNAcylation of AKT-mTOR Signaling Pathway Components.Neuromolecular medicine · 2026Article
- Brain insulin resistance as a driver of proteinopathy in neurodegeneration: from cell-type-specific mechanisms to targeted therapeutics.Translational neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- Progressive modeling of multiscale hippocampal subfield structural representation improves the prediction performance of mild cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Advances in Alzheimer's disease: mechanistic insights and therapeutic targets.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Review
- Exploring the link between body physiology and cognition: the role of the brain and aging.npj aging · 2026Article
- UCP1-Dependent Thermogenic Adipose Tissue in Human Disease: Adipose-Centered Mechanisms, Biomarker Limitations, and Translational Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
423 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Insulin is a peptide secreted by the pancreas and plays an important role in the regulation of glucose metabolism in peripheral tissues. Although the role of insulin in the periphery is well understood, less is known about its multifactorial role in the brain. However, emerging evidence from human and animal studies indicate that insulin influences cerebral bioenergetics, enhances synaptic viability and dendritic spine formation, and increases turnover of neurotransmitters, such as dopamine. Insulin also has a role in proteostasis, influencing clearance of the amyloid β peptide and phosphorylation of tau, which are hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. Insulin also modulates vascular function through effects on vasoreactivity, lipid metabolism, and inflammation. Through these multiple pathways, insulin dysregulation could contribute to neurodegeneration. Thus, new approaches to restore cerebral insulin function that could offer therapeutic benefit to adults with Alzheimer's disease, vascular cognitive impairment, or related disorders are being investigated.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.