ArticleJournal of public health dentistry2020
Blood levels of lead and dental caries in permanent teeth.
Article in Journal of public health dentistry, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Environmental Determinants of Early Childhood Caries: A Narrative Synthesis of Observational Evidence and Implications for Global Policy.Dentistry journal · 2025Article
- Correlation Between Urinary Heavy Metals and Early Childhood Caries in a Typical Industrial and Mining Area.Biological trace element research · 2025Article
- Systematic Review of Lead Exposure and Its Effects on Caries and Aesthetics in Children and Adolescents.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Association between maternal blood lead levels and prevalence of dental caries in the primary dentition of children.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2025Article
- Association between exposure to environmental pollutants and increased oral health risks, a comprehensive review.Frontiers in public health · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine whether there is an association between lead exposure within the ages of 1-4 years and dental caries in the permanent dentition between ages 9-17 among Mexican youth.
methodsData were collected for the Early Life Exposures in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) cohort from a group of 490 children born and reared in Mexico City. Among ages 1-4 years, blood lead levels were measured in micrograms of lead per deciliter of blood (μg/dL) and the presence of caries in adolescence was determined using the International Caries and Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). The relationship between blood levels of lead and decayed, missing, or filled surfaces (DMFS) was examined using negative binomial regression. Covariates were selected based on previous studies and included age, gender, socioeconomic status, oral hygiene, body mass index, and diet. The nonlinear relationship between lead and DMFS was examined using smoothing splines.
resultsThe mean overall blood lead level (BLL) was 4.83 μg/dL (S.D. of 2.2). The mean overall caries level (DMFS) was 4.1. No statistically significant association was found between early childhood blood lead levels and dental caries in adolescence.
conclusionThis study shows a lack of association between exposure to lead between the ages of 1-4 years of age and dental caries in permanent dentition later in life. Other covariates, such as age and sugar consumption, appeared to play a more prominent role in caries development.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.