Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32729810›Full record

ArticleRadiology2021

Automated Assessment of COVID-19 Reporting and Data System and Chest CT Severity Scores in Patients Suspected of Having COVID-19 Using Artificial Intelligence.

Nikolas Lessmann, Clara I Sánchez, Ludo Beenen, Luuk H Boulogne, Monique Brink, Erdi Calli, Jean-Paul Charbonnier, Ton Dofferhoff, Wouter M van Everdingen, Paul K Gerke and 32 more

Open access · greenAbstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Radiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 96 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
96citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
14.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

96 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 144 citations in OpenAlex.

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36 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

42 authors at 1 institution in 4 countries.

Nikolas Lessmann *From the Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands (N.L., C.I.S., L.H.B., M.B., E.C., W.M.v.E., P.K.G., B.G., M.G., N.H., W.H., H.J.H., C.J., R.K., M.K., K.v.L., J.M., M.O., R.S., C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S., E.T.S., C. Sital, J.T., K.V.V., C.d.V., W.X., B.d.W., M.P., B.v.G.); Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.B.); Thirona, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.P.C., E.M.v.R.); Departments of Internal Medicine (T.D.) and Radiology (M.V.), Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); Departments of Biomedical Physics and Engineering and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.v.H., I.I.); Department of Radiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands (J.K.); Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands (T.v.R.V.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.L.S.).ORCID 0000-0001-7935-9611
Clara I Sánchez *From the Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands (N.L., C.I.S., L.H.B., M.B., E.C., W.M.v.E., P.K.G., B.G., M.G., N.H., W.H., H.J.H., C.J., R.K., M.K., K.v.L., J.M., M.O., R.S., C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S., E.T.S., C. Sital, J.T., K.V.V., C.d.V., W.X., B.d.W., M.P., B.v.G.); Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.B.); Thirona, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.P.C., E.M.v.R.); Departments of Internal Medicine (T.D.) and Radiology (M.V.), Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); Departments of Biomedical Physics and Engineering and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.v.H., I.I.); Department of Radiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands (J.K.); Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands (T.v.R.V.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.L.S.).ORCID 0000-0001-9787-8319
Ludo BeenenFrom the Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands (N.L., C.I.S., L.H.B., M.B., E.C., W.M.v.E., P.K.G., B.G., M.G., N.H., W.H., H.J.H., C.J., R.K., M.K., K.v.L., J.M., M.O., R.S., C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S., E.T.S., C. Sital, J.T., K.V.V., C.d.V., W.X., B.d.W., M.P., B.v.G.); Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.B.); Thirona, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.P.C., E.M.v.R.); Departments of Internal Medicine (T.D.) and Radiology (M.V.), Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); Departments of Biomedical Physics and Engineering and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.v.H., I.I.); Department of Radiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands (J.K.); Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands (T.v.R.V.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.L.S.).ORCID 0000-0001-9204-1026
Luuk H BoulogneFrom the Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands (N.L., C.I.S., L.H.B., M.B., E.C., W.M.v.E., P.K.G., B.G., M.G., N.H., W.H., H.J.H., C.J., R.K., M.K., K.v.L., J.M., M.O., R.S., C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S., E.T.S., C. Sital, J.T., K.V.V., C.d.V., W.X., B.d.W., M.P., B.v.G.); Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.B.); Thirona, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.P.C., E.M.v.R.); Departments of Internal Medicine (T.D.) and Radiology (M.V.), Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); Departments of Biomedical Physics and Engineering and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.v.H., I.I.); Department of Radiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands (J.K.); Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands (T.v.R.V.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.L.S.).ORCID 0000-0003-3412-1313
Monique BrinkFrom the Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands (N.L., C.I.S., L.H.B., M.B., E.C., W.M.v.E., P.K.G., B.G., M.G., N.H., W.H., H.J.H., C.J., R.K., M.K., K.v.L., J.M., M.O., R.S., C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S., E.T.S., C. Sital, J.T., K.V.V., C.d.V., W.X., B.d.W., M.P., B.v.G.); Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.B.); Thirona, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.P.C., E.M.v.R.); Departments of Internal Medicine (T.D.) and Radiology (M.V.), Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); Departments of Biomedical Physics and Engineering and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.v.H., I.I.); Department of Radiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands (J.K.); Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands (T.v.R.V.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.L.S.).ORCID 0000-0002-4146-1052
Erdi CalliFrom the Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands (N.L., C.I.S., L.H.B., M.B., E.C., W.M.v.E., P.K.G., B.G., M.G., N.H., W.H., H.J.H., C.J., R.K., M.K., K.v.L., J.M., M.O., R.S., C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S., E.T.S., C. Sital, J.T., K.V.V., C.d.V., W.X., B.d.W., M.P., B.v.G.); Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.B.); Thirona, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.P.C., E.M.v.R.); Departments of Internal Medicine (T.D.) and Radiology (M.V.), Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); Departments of Biomedical Physics and Engineering and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.v.H., I.I.); Department of Radiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands (J.K.); Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands (T.v.R.V.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.L.S.).ORCID 0000-0003-3962-7276
Jean-Paul CharbonnierFrom the Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands (N.L., C.I.S., L.H.B., M.B., E.C., W.M.v.E., P.K.G., B.G., M.G., N.H., W.H., H.J.H., C.J., R.K., M.K., K.v.L., J.M., M.O., R.S., C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S., E.T.S., C. Sital, J.T., K.V.V., C.d.V., W.X., B.d.W., M.P., B.v.G.); Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.B.); Thirona, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.P.C., E.M.v.R.); Departments of Internal Medicine (T.D.) and Radiology (M.V.), Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); Departments of Biomedical Physics and Engineering and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.v.H., I.I.); Department of Radiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands (J.K.); Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands (T.v.R.V.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.L.S.).
Ton DofferhoffFrom the Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands (N.L., C.I.S., L.H.B., M.B., E.C., W.M.v.E., P.K.G., B.G., M.G., N.H., W.H., H.J.H., C.J., R.K., M.K., K.v.L., J.M., M.O., R.S., C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S., E.T.S., C. Sital, J.T., K.V.V., C.d.V., W.X., B.d.W., M.P., B.v.G.); Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.B.); Thirona, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.P.C., E.M.v.R.); Departments of Internal Medicine (T.D.) and Radiology (M.V.), Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); Departments of Biomedical Physics and Engineering and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.v.H., I.I.); Department of Radiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands (J.K.); Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands (T.v.R.V.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.L.S.).ORCID 0000-0001-5900-3829
Wouter M van EverdingenFrom the Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands (N.L., C.I.S., L.H.B., M.B., E.C., W.M.v.E., P.K.G., B.G., M.G., N.H., W.H., H.J.H., C.J., R.K., M.K., K.v.L., J.M., M.O., R.S., C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S., E.T.S., C. Sital, J.T., K.V.V., C.d.V., W.X., B.d.W., M.P., B.v.G.); Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.B.); Thirona, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.P.C., E.M.v.R.); Departments of Internal Medicine (T.D.) and Radiology (M.V.), Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); Departments of Biomedical Physics and Engineering and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.v.H., I.I.); Department of Radiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands (J.K.); Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands (T.v.R.V.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.L.S.).
Paul K GerkeFrom the Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands (N.L., C.I.S., L.H.B., M.B., E.C., W.M.v.E., P.K.G., B.G., M.G., N.H., W.H., H.J.H., C.J., R.K., M.K., K.v.L., J.M., M.O., R.S., C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S., E.T.S., C. Sital, J.T., K.V.V., C.d.V., W.X., B.d.W., M.P., B.v.G.); Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.B.); Thirona, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.P.C., E.M.v.R.); Departments of Internal Medicine (T.D.) and Radiology (M.V.), Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); Departments of Biomedical Physics and Engineering and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.v.H., I.I.); Department of Radiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands (J.K.); Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands (T.v.R.V.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.L.S.).ORCID 0000-0003-1473-5705
Bram GeurtsFrom the Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands (N.L., C.I.S., L.H.B., M.B., E.C., W.M.v.E., P.K.G., B.G., M.G., N.H., W.H., H.J.H., C.J., R.K., M.K., K.v.L., J.M., M.O., R.S., C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S., E.T.S., C. Sital, J.T., K.V.V., C.d.V., W.X., B.d.W., M.P., B.v.G.); Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.B.); Thirona, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.P.C., E.M.v.R.); Departments of Internal Medicine (T.D.) and Radiology (M.V.), Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); Departments of Biomedical Physics and Engineering and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.v.H., I.I.); Department of Radiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands (J.K.); Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands (T.v.R.V.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.L.S.).ORCID 0000-0002-1960-4491
Hester A GietemaFrom the Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands (N.L., C.I.S., L.H.B., M.B., E.C., W.M.v.E., P.K.G., B.G., M.G., N.H., W.H., H.J.H., C.J., R.K., M.K., K.v.L., J.M., M.O., R.S., C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S., E.T.S., C. Sital, J.T., K.V.V., C.d.V., W.X., B.d.W., M.P., B.v.G.); Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.B.); Thirona, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.P.C., E.M.v.R.); Departments of Internal Medicine (T.D.) and Radiology (M.V.), Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); Departments of Biomedical Physics and Engineering and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.v.H., I.I.); Department of Radiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands (J.K.); Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands (T.v.R.V.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.L.S.).ORCID 0000-0001-6077-1446
Miriam GroeneveldFrom the Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands (N.L., C.I.S., L.H.B., M.B., E.C., W.M.v.E., P.K.G., B.G., M.G., N.H., W.H., H.J.H., C.J., R.K., M.K., K.v.L., J.M., M.O., R.S., C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S., E.T.S., C. Sital, J.T., K.V.V., C.d.V., W.X., B.d.W., M.P., B.v.G.); Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.B.); Thirona, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.P.C., E.M.v.R.); Departments of Internal Medicine (T.D.) and Radiology (M.V.), Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); Departments of Biomedical Physics and Engineering and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.v.H., I.I.); Department of Radiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands (J.K.); Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands (T.v.R.V.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.L.S.).ORCID 0000-0002-2783-0085
Louis van HartenFrom the Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands (N.L., C.I.S., L.H.B., M.B., E.C., W.M.v.E., P.K.G., B.G., M.G., N.H., W.H., H.J.H., C.J., R.K., M.K., K.v.L., J.M., M.O., R.S., C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S., E.T.S., C. Sital, J.T., K.V.V., C.d.V., W.X., B.d.W., M.P., B.v.G.); Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.B.); Thirona, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.P.C., E.M.v.R.); Departments of Internal Medicine (T.D.) and Radiology (M.V.), Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); Departments of Biomedical Physics and Engineering and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.v.H., I.I.); Department of Radiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands (J.K.); Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands (T.v.R.V.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.L.S.).ORCID 0000-0002-0943-2825
Nils HendrixFrom the Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands (N.L., C.I.S., L.H.B., M.B., E.C., W.M.v.E., P.K.G., B.G., M.G., N.H., W.H., H.J.H., C.J., R.K., M.K., K.v.L., J.M., M.O., R.S., C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S., E.T.S., C. Sital, J.T., K.V.V., C.d.V., W.X., B.d.W., M.P., B.v.G.); Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.B.); Thirona, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.P.C., E.M.v.R.); Departments of Internal Medicine (T.D.) and Radiology (M.V.), Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); Departments of Biomedical Physics and Engineering and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.v.H., I.I.); Department of Radiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands (J.K.); Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands (T.v.R.V.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.L.S.).ORCID 0000-0003-3332-6245
Ward HendrixFrom the Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands (N.L., C.I.S., L.H.B., M.B., E.C., W.M.v.E., P.K.G., B.G., M.G., N.H., W.H., H.J.H., C.J., R.K., M.K., K.v.L., J.M., M.O., R.S., C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S., E.T.S., C. Sital, J.T., K.V.V., C.d.V., W.X., B.d.W., M.P., B.v.G.); Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.B.); Thirona, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.P.C., E.M.v.R.); Departments of Internal Medicine (T.D.) and Radiology (M.V.), Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); Departments of Biomedical Physics and Engineering and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.v.H., I.I.); Department of Radiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands (J.K.); Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands (T.v.R.V.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.L.S.).ORCID 0000-0002-3357-2959
Henkjan J HuismanFrom the Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands (N.L., C.I.S., L.H.B., M.B., E.C., W.M.v.E., P.K.G., B.G., M.G., N.H., W.H., H.J.H., C.J., R.K., M.K., K.v.L., J.M., M.O., R.S., C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S., E.T.S., C. Sital, J.T., K.V.V., C.d.V., W.X., B.d.W., M.P., B.v.G.); Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.B.); Thirona, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.P.C., E.M.v.R.); Departments of Internal Medicine (T.D.) and Radiology (M.V.), Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); Departments of Biomedical Physics and Engineering and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.v.H., I.I.); Department of Radiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands (J.K.); Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands (T.v.R.V.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.L.S.).ORCID 0000-0001-6753-3221
Ivana IšgumFrom the Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands (N.L., C.I.S., L.H.B., M.B., E.C., W.M.v.E., P.K.G., B.G., M.G., N.H., W.H., H.J.H., C.J., R.K., M.K., K.v.L., J.M., M.O., R.S., C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S., E.T.S., C. Sital, J.T., K.V.V., C.d.V., W.X., B.d.W., M.P., B.v.G.); Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.B.); Thirona, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.P.C., E.M.v.R.); Departments of Internal Medicine (T.D.) and Radiology (M.V.), Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); Departments of Biomedical Physics and Engineering and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.v.H., I.I.); Department of Radiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands (J.K.); Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands (T.v.R.V.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.L.S.).ORCID 0000-0003-1869-5034
Colin JacobsFrom the Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands (N.L., C.I.S., L.H.B., M.B., E.C., W.M.v.E., P.K.G., B.G., M.G., N.H., W.H., H.J.H., C.J., R.K., M.K., K.v.L., J.M., M.O., R.S., C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S., E.T.S., C. Sital, J.T., K.V.V., C.d.V., W.X., B.d.W., M.P., B.v.G.); Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.B.); Thirona, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.P.C., E.M.v.R.); Departments of Internal Medicine (T.D.) and Radiology (M.V.), Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); Departments of Biomedical Physics and Engineering and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.v.H., I.I.); Department of Radiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands (J.K.); Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands (T.v.R.V.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.L.S.).ORCID 0000-0003-1180-3805
Ruben KlugeFrom the Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands (N.L., C.I.S., L.H.B., M.B., E.C., W.M.v.E., P.K.G., B.G., M.G., N.H., W.H., H.J.H., C.J., R.K., M.K., K.v.L., J.M., M.O., R.S., C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S., E.T.S., C. Sital, J.T., K.V.V., C.d.V., W.X., B.d.W., M.P., B.v.G.); Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.B.); Thirona, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.P.C., E.M.v.R.); Departments of Internal Medicine (T.D.) and Radiology (M.V.), Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); Departments of Biomedical Physics and Engineering and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.v.H., I.I.); Department of Radiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands (J.K.); Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands (T.v.R.V.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.L.S.).ORCID 0000-0002-8406-2561
Michel KokFrom the Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands (N.L., C.I.S., L.H.B., M.B., E.C., W.M.v.E., P.K.G., B.G., M.G., N.H., W.H., H.J.H., C.J., R.K., M.K., K.v.L., J.M., M.O., R.S., C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S., E.T.S., C. Sital, J.T., K.V.V., C.d.V., W.X., B.d.W., M.P., B.v.G.); Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.B.); Thirona, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.P.C., E.M.v.R.); Departments of Internal Medicine (T.D.) and Radiology (M.V.), Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); Departments of Biomedical Physics and Engineering and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.v.H., I.I.); Department of Radiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands (J.K.); Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands (T.v.R.V.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.L.S.).ORCID 0000-0003-4100-916X
Jasenko KrdzalicFrom the Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands (N.L., C.I.S., L.H.B., M.B., E.C., W.M.v.E., P.K.G., B.G., M.G., N.H., W.H., H.J.H., C.J., R.K., M.K., K.v.L., J.M., M.O., R.S., C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S., E.T.S., C. Sital, J.T., K.V.V., C.d.V., W.X., B.d.W., M.P., B.v.G.); Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.B.); Thirona, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.P.C., E.M.v.R.); Departments of Internal Medicine (T.D.) and Radiology (M.V.), Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); Departments of Biomedical Physics and Engineering and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.v.H., I.I.); Department of Radiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands (J.K.); Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands (T.v.R.V.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.L.S.).ORCID 0000-0002-9030-0052
Bianca Lassen-SchmidtFrom the Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands (N.L., C.I.S., L.H.B., M.B., E.C., W.M.v.E., P.K.G., B.G., M.G., N.H., W.H., H.J.H., C.J., R.K., M.K., K.v.L., J.M., M.O., R.S., C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S., E.T.S., C. Sital, J.T., K.V.V., C.d.V., W.X., B.d.W., M.P., B.v.G.); Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.B.); Thirona, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.P.C., E.M.v.R.); Departments of Internal Medicine (T.D.) and Radiology (M.V.), Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); Departments of Biomedical Physics and Engineering and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.v.H., I.I.); Department of Radiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands (J.K.); Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands (T.v.R.V.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.L.S.).ORCID 0000-0001-7888-9928
Kicky van LeeuwenFrom the Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands (N.L., C.I.S., L.H.B., M.B., E.C., W.M.v.E., P.K.G., B.G., M.G., N.H., W.H., H.J.H., C.J., R.K., M.K., K.v.L., J.M., M.O., R.S., C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S., E.T.S., C. Sital, J.T., K.V.V., C.d.V., W.X., B.d.W., M.P., B.v.G.); Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.B.); Thirona, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.P.C., E.M.v.R.); Departments of Internal Medicine (T.D.) and Radiology (M.V.), Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); Departments of Biomedical Physics and Engineering and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.v.H., I.I.); Department of Radiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands (J.K.); Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands (T.v.R.V.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.L.S.).ORCID 0000-0002-8902-5161
James MeakinFrom the Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands (N.L., C.I.S., L.H.B., M.B., E.C., W.M.v.E., P.K.G., B.G., M.G., N.H., W.H., H.J.H., C.J., R.K., M.K., K.v.L., J.M., M.O., R.S., C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S., E.T.S., C. Sital, J.T., K.V.V., C.d.V., W.X., B.d.W., M.P., B.v.G.); Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.B.); Thirona, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.P.C., E.M.v.R.); Departments of Internal Medicine (T.D.) and Radiology (M.V.), Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); Departments of Biomedical Physics and Engineering and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.v.H., I.I.); Department of Radiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands (J.K.); Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands (T.v.R.V.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.L.S.).ORCID 0000-0002-9861-6166
Mike OverkampFrom the Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands (N.L., C.I.S., L.H.B., M.B., E.C., W.M.v.E., P.K.G., B.G., M.G., N.H., W.H., H.J.H., C.J., R.K., M.K., K.v.L., J.M., M.O., R.S., C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S., E.T.S., C. Sital, J.T., K.V.V., C.d.V., W.X., B.d.W., M.P., B.v.G.); Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.B.); Thirona, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.P.C., E.M.v.R.); Departments of Internal Medicine (T.D.) and Radiology (M.V.), Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); Departments of Biomedical Physics and Engineering and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.v.H., I.I.); Department of Radiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands (J.K.); Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands (T.v.R.V.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.L.S.).ORCID 0000-0003-0703-7706
Tjalco van Rees VellingaFrom the Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands (N.L., C.I.S., L.H.B., M.B., E.C., W.M.v.E., P.K.G., B.G., M.G., N.H., W.H., H.J.H., C.J., R.K., M.K., K.v.L., J.M., M.O., R.S., C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S., E.T.S., C. Sital, J.T., K.V.V., C.d.V., W.X., B.d.W., M.P., B.v.G.); Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.B.); Thirona, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.P.C., E.M.v.R.); Departments of Internal Medicine (T.D.) and Radiology (M.V.), Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); Departments of Biomedical Physics and Engineering and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.v.H., I.I.); Department of Radiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands (J.K.); Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands (T.v.R.V.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.L.S.).ORCID 0000-0003-2547-7633
Eva M van RikxoortFrom the Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands (N.L., C.I.S., L.H.B., M.B., E.C., W.M.v.E., P.K.G., B.G., M.G., N.H., W.H., H.J.H., C.J., R.K., M.K., K.v.L., J.M., M.O., R.S., C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S., E.T.S., C. Sital, J.T., K.V.V., C.d.V., W.X., B.d.W., M.P., B.v.G.); Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.B.); Thirona, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.P.C., E.M.v.R.); Departments of Internal Medicine (T.D.) and Radiology (M.V.), Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); Departments of Biomedical Physics and Engineering and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.v.H., I.I.); Department of Radiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands (J.K.); Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands (T.v.R.V.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.L.S.).ORCID 0000-0001-6418-9760
Riccardo SampernaFrom the Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands (N.L., C.I.S., L.H.B., M.B., E.C., W.M.v.E., P.K.G., B.G., M.G., N.H., W.H., H.J.H., C.J., R.K., M.K., K.v.L., J.M., M.O., R.S., C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S., E.T.S., C. Sital, J.T., K.V.V., C.d.V., W.X., B.d.W., M.P., B.v.G.); Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.B.); Thirona, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.P.C., E.M.v.R.); Departments of Internal Medicine (T.D.) and Radiology (M.V.), Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); Departments of Biomedical Physics and Engineering and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.v.H., I.I.); Department of Radiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands (J.K.); Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands (T.v.R.V.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.L.S.).ORCID 0000-0002-3828-5289
Cornelia Schaefer-ProkopFrom the Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands (N.L., C.I.S., L.H.B., M.B., E.C., W.M.v.E., P.K.G., B.G., M.G., N.H., W.H., H.J.H., C.J., R.K., M.K., K.v.L., J.M., M.O., R.S., C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S., E.T.S., C. Sital, J.T., K.V.V., C.d.V., W.X., B.d.W., M.P., B.v.G.); Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.B.); Thirona, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.P.C., E.M.v.R.); Departments of Internal Medicine (T.D.) and Radiology (M.V.), Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); Departments of Biomedical Physics and Engineering and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.v.H., I.I.); Department of Radiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands (J.K.); Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands (T.v.R.V.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.L.S.).ORCID 0000-0002-3394-2980
Steven SchalekampFrom the Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands (N.L., C.I.S., L.H.B., M.B., E.C., W.M.v.E., P.K.G., B.G., M.G., N.H., W.H., H.J.H., C.J., R.K., M.K., K.v.L., J.M., M.O., R.S., C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S., E.T.S., C. Sital, J.T., K.V.V., C.d.V., W.X., B.d.W., M.P., B.v.G.); Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.B.); Thirona, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.P.C., E.M.v.R.); Departments of Internal Medicine (T.D.) and Radiology (M.V.), Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); Departments of Biomedical Physics and Engineering and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.v.H., I.I.); Department of Radiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands (J.K.); Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands (T.v.R.V.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.L.S.).ORCID 0000-0002-3984-3596
Ernst Th ScholtenFrom the Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands (N.L., C.I.S., L.H.B., M.B., E.C., W.M.v.E., P.K.G., B.G., M.G., N.H., W.H., H.J.H., C.J., R.K., M.K., K.v.L., J.M., M.O., R.S., C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S., E.T.S., C. Sital, J.T., K.V.V., C.d.V., W.X., B.d.W., M.P., B.v.G.); Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.B.); Thirona, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.P.C., E.M.v.R.); Departments of Internal Medicine (T.D.) and Radiology (M.V.), Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); Departments of Biomedical Physics and Engineering and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.v.H., I.I.); Department of Radiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands (J.K.); Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands (T.v.R.V.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.L.S.).ORCID 0000-0002-1982-2763
Cheryl SitalFrom the Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands (N.L., C.I.S., L.H.B., M.B., E.C., W.M.v.E., P.K.G., B.G., M.G., N.H., W.H., H.J.H., C.J., R.K., M.K., K.v.L., J.M., M.O., R.S., C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S., E.T.S., C. Sital, J.T., K.V.V., C.d.V., W.X., B.d.W., M.P., B.v.G.); Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.B.); Thirona, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.P.C., E.M.v.R.); Departments of Internal Medicine (T.D.) and Radiology (M.V.), Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); Departments of Biomedical Physics and Engineering and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.v.H., I.I.); Department of Radiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands (J.K.); Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands (T.v.R.V.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.L.S.).ORCID 0000-0002-4554-2394
J Lauran StögerFrom the Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands (N.L., C.I.S., L.H.B., M.B., E.C., W.M.v.E., P.K.G., B.G., M.G., N.H., W.H., H.J.H., C.J., R.K., M.K., K.v.L., J.M., M.O., R.S., C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S., E.T.S., C. Sital, J.T., K.V.V., C.d.V., W.X., B.d.W., M.P., B.v.G.); Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.B.); Thirona, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.P.C., E.M.v.R.); Departments of Internal Medicine (T.D.) and Radiology (M.V.), Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); Departments of Biomedical Physics and Engineering and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.v.H., I.I.); Department of Radiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands (J.K.); Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands (T.v.R.V.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.L.S.).ORCID 0000-0002-4705-4837
Jonas TeuwenFrom the Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands (N.L., C.I.S., L.H.B., M.B., E.C., W.M.v.E., P.K.G., B.G., M.G., N.H., W.H., H.J.H., C.J., R.K., M.K., K.v.L., J.M., M.O., R.S., C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S., E.T.S., C. Sital, J.T., K.V.V., C.d.V., W.X., B.d.W., M.P., B.v.G.); Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.B.); Thirona, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.P.C., E.M.v.R.); Departments of Internal Medicine (T.D.) and Radiology (M.V.), Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); Departments of Biomedical Physics and Engineering and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.v.H., I.I.); Department of Radiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands (J.K.); Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands (T.v.R.V.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.L.S.).ORCID 0000-0002-1825-1428
Kiran Vaidhya VenkadeshFrom the Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands (N.L., C.I.S., L.H.B., M.B., E.C., W.M.v.E., P.K.G., B.G., M.G., N.H., W.H., H.J.H., C.J., R.K., M.K., K.v.L., J.M., M.O., R.S., C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S., E.T.S., C. Sital, J.T., K.V.V., C.d.V., W.X., B.d.W., M.P., B.v.G.); Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.B.); Thirona, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.P.C., E.M.v.R.); Departments of Internal Medicine (T.D.) and Radiology (M.V.), Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); Departments of Biomedical Physics and Engineering and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.v.H., I.I.); Department of Radiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands (J.K.); Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands (T.v.R.V.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.L.S.).ORCID 0000-0002-4846-9049
Coen de VenteFrom the Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands (N.L., C.I.S., L.H.B., M.B., E.C., W.M.v.E., P.K.G., B.G., M.G., N.H., W.H., H.J.H., C.J., R.K., M.K., K.v.L., J.M., M.O., R.S., C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S., E.T.S., C. Sital, J.T., K.V.V., C.d.V., W.X., B.d.W., M.P., B.v.G.); Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.B.); Thirona, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.P.C., E.M.v.R.); Departments of Internal Medicine (T.D.) and Radiology (M.V.), Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); Departments of Biomedical Physics and Engineering and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.v.H., I.I.); Department of Radiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands (J.K.); Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands (T.v.R.V.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.L.S.).ORCID 0000-0001-5908-8367
Marieke VermaatFrom the Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands (N.L., C.I.S., L.H.B., M.B., E.C., W.M.v.E., P.K.G., B.G., M.G., N.H., W.H., H.J.H., C.J., R.K., M.K., K.v.L., J.M., M.O., R.S., C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S., E.T.S., C. Sital, J.T., K.V.V., C.d.V., W.X., B.d.W., M.P., B.v.G.); Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.B.); Thirona, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.P.C., E.M.v.R.); Departments of Internal Medicine (T.D.) and Radiology (M.V.), Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); Departments of Biomedical Physics and Engineering and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.v.H., I.I.); Department of Radiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands (J.K.); Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands (T.v.R.V.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.L.S.).
Weiyi XieFrom the Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands (N.L., C.I.S., L.H.B., M.B., E.C., W.M.v.E., P.K.G., B.G., M.G., N.H., W.H., H.J.H., C.J., R.K., M.K., K.v.L., J.M., M.O., R.S., C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S., E.T.S., C. Sital, J.T., K.V.V., C.d.V., W.X., B.d.W., M.P., B.v.G.); Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.B.); Thirona, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.P.C., E.M.v.R.); Departments of Internal Medicine (T.D.) and Radiology (M.V.), Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); Departments of Biomedical Physics and Engineering and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.v.H., I.I.); Department of Radiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands (J.K.); Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands (T.v.R.V.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.L.S.).ORCID 0000-0001-7088-1390
Bram de WildeFrom the Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands (N.L., C.I.S., L.H.B., M.B., E.C., W.M.v.E., P.K.G., B.G., M.G., N.H., W.H., H.J.H., C.J., R.K., M.K., K.v.L., J.M., M.O., R.S., C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S., E.T.S., C. Sital, J.T., K.V.V., C.d.V., W.X., B.d.W., M.P., B.v.G.); Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.B.); Thirona, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.P.C., E.M.v.R.); Departments of Internal Medicine (T.D.) and Radiology (M.V.), Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); Departments of Biomedical Physics and Engineering and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.v.H., I.I.); Department of Radiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands (J.K.); Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands (T.v.R.V.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.L.S.).ORCID 0000-0003-1890-8714
Mathias ProkopFrom the Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands (N.L., C.I.S., L.H.B., M.B., E.C., W.M.v.E., P.K.G., B.G., M.G., N.H., W.H., H.J.H., C.J., R.K., M.K., K.v.L., J.M., M.O., R.S., C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S., E.T.S., C. Sital, J.T., K.V.V., C.d.V., W.X., B.d.W., M.P., B.v.G.); Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.B.); Thirona, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.P.C., E.M.v.R.); Departments of Internal Medicine (T.D.) and Radiology (M.V.), Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); Departments of Biomedical Physics and Engineering and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.v.H., I.I.); Department of Radiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands (J.K.); Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands (T.v.R.V.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.L.S.).ORCID 0000-0001-8157-8055
Bram van GinnekenFrom the Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands (N.L., C.I.S., L.H.B., M.B., E.C., W.M.v.E., P.K.G., B.G., M.G., N.H., W.H., H.J.H., C.J., R.K., M.K., K.v.L., J.M., M.O., R.S., C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S., E.T.S., C. Sital, J.T., K.V.V., C.d.V., W.X., B.d.W., M.P., B.v.G.); Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.B.); Thirona, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.P.C., E.M.v.R.); Departments of Internal Medicine (T.D.) and Radiology (M.V.), Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.A.G.); Departments of Biomedical Physics and Engineering and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.v.H., I.I.); Department of Radiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands (J.K.); Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands (T.v.R.V.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C. Schaefer-Prokop, S.S.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.L.S.).ORCID 0000-0003-2028-8972
Radboud University Nijmegen · NL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread across the globe with alarming speed, morbidity, and mortality. Immediate triage of patients with chest infections suspected to be caused by COVID-19 using chest CT may be of assistance when results from definitive viral testing are delayed. Purpose To develop and validate an artificial intelligence (AI) system to score the likelihood and extent of pulmonary COVID-19 on chest CT scans using the COVID-19 Reporting and Data System (CO-RADS) and CT severity scoring systems. Materials and Methods The CO-RADS AI system consists of three deep-learning algorithms that automatically segment the five pulmonary lobes, assign a CO-RADS score for the suspicion of COVID-19, and assign a CT severity score for the degree of parenchymal involvement per lobe. This study retrospectively included patients who underwent a nonenhanced chest CT examination because of clinical suspicion of COVID-19 at two medical centers. The system was trained, validated, and tested with data from one of the centers. Data from the second center served as an external test set. Diagnostic performance and agreement with scores assigned by eight independent observers were measured using receiver operating characteristic analysis, linearly weighted κ values, and classification accuracy. Results A total of 105 patients (mean age, 62 years ± 16 [standard deviation]; 61 men) and 262 patients (mean age, 64 years ± 16; 154 men) were evaluated in the internal and external test sets, respectively. The system discriminated between patients with COVID-19 and those without COVID-19, with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.95 (95% CI: 0.91, 0.98) and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.84, 0.93), for the internal and external test sets, respectively. Agreement with the eight human observers was moderate to substantial, with mean linearly weighted κ values of 0.60 ± 0.01 for CO-RADS scores and 0.54 ± 0.01 for CT severity scores. Conclusion With high diagnostic performance, the CO-RADS AI system correctly identified patients with COVID-19 using chest CT scans and assigned standardized CO-RADS and CT severity scores that demonstrated good agreement with findings from eight independent observers and generalized well to external data. © RSNA, 2020

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceSeverity of Illness IndexTomography, X-Ray ComputedAgedCOVID-19Data SystemsFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedResearch DesignRetrospective StudiesThorax

Identifiers

PMID32729810
PMCPMC7393955
OpenAlexW3045596310

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