SynthesisJournal of neurology2021
An atlas on risk factors for multiple sclerosis: a Mendelian randomization study.
Synthesis in Journal of neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 148 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trends in Mendelian randomization in neurological disease research: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Vitamin D and human health: evidence from Mendelian randomization studies.European journal of epidemiology · 2024Pooled it
- The Role of Gut Microbiome in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders.Cells · 2023Pooled it
- Causal role of high body mass index in multiple chronic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of Mendelian randomization studies.BMC medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Investigating the causal role of sleep disorders in anorexia nervosa and obsessive-compulsive disorder: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.Eating and weight disorders : EWD · 2026Article
- Allergic phenotypes and asthma in multiple sclerosis: Epidemiologic and genetic relationships.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2026Article
- Lipid alterations and endothelial dysfunction are associated with multiple sclerosis pathophysiology.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Distinct roles of chronotype, daytime napping, and sleep duration in biological and functional aging: a univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization study.Clinical epigenetics · 2026Article
- The Role of Lipid Alteration in Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The ratio of omega-6 fatty acids to omega-3 fatty acids mediating the effect of gastroesophageal reflux disease on pancreatic cancer risk: a two-step mediation Mendelian randomisation study.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Exploring the causal link between childhood maltreatment and asthma: a Mendelian randomization study.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2025Article
- Sleep Traits and Risk of Epilepsy: A Bidirectional and Multivariable Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.Yonsei medical journal · 2025Article
- Exploring the genetic causality of childhood maltreatment on multiple risk-related outcomes using Mendelian randomization: evidence from European-Ancestry GWAS.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2025Article
- Childhood maltreatment and mental health: causal links to depression, anxiety, non-fatal self-harm, suicide attempts, and PTSD.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2025Article
- Liraglutide Attenuates Disease Severity in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Modulating Splenic T Helper Cell Subsets.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- A narrative review of genetic and environmental factors and risk for multiple sclerosis. The design of the Italian multicentric PEDIGREE study.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Review
- Associations Between Dietary Factors, Metabolic Factors, Sleep Disorders, Physical Activity, and the Risk of Multiple Sclerosis: A Univariable and Multivariable Mendelian Randomization Study.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- The Role of Epstein-Barr Virus in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Bidirectional Relationship Between Atopic Dermatitis and Psychiatric Comorbidities in Individuals of European Ancestry: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Acta dermato-venereologica · 2025Article
- Sex-specific Mendelian randomization phenome-wide association study of basal metabolic rate.Scientific reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesWe conducted a systematic review and wide-angled Mendelian randomization (MR) study to examine the association between possible risk factors and multiple sclerosis (MS).
methodsWe used MR analysis to assess the associations between 65 possible risk factors and MS using data from a genome-wide association study including 14 498 cases and 24 091 controls of European ancestry. For 18 exposures not suitable for MR analysis, we conducted a systematic review to obtain the latest meta-analyses evidence on their associations with MS.
resultsChildhood and adulthood body mass index were positively associated with MS, whereas physical activity and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D were inversely associated with MS. There was evidence of possible associations of type 2 diabetes, waist circumference, body fat percentage, age of puberty and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Data of systematic review showed that exposure to organic solvents, Epstein Barr virus and cytomegalovirus virus infection, and diphtheria and tetanus vaccination were associated with MS risk.
conclusionsThis study identified several modifiable risk factors for primary prevention of MS that should inform public health policy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.