ReviewIndian pediatrics2020
Autoimmune Encephalitis in Children: An Update.
Review in Indian pediatrics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Case Report: Pediatric Hallucinations and Anti-Neuronal Intermediate Filament Autoimmune Encephalitis.Clinical practice and cases in emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Early psychiatric manifestations in pediatric autoimmune encephalitis: clinical data from a tertiary center.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Observational
- The Neuroimmunology of Autism.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Diagnostic Dilemma Between Autoimmune Encephalitis and SSPE: Case Report of Two Pediatric Patients - Authors' Reply.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Catatonia associated with seronegative autoimmune encephalitis: a case report.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Article
- Pediatric Neuroimaging of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroinflammatory Diseases.Tomography (Ann Arbor, Mich.) · 2024Review
- In Children,Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- The role of immunoglobulin in cerebrospinal fluid on the differential diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis and viral encephalitis in children.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- The Leading Role of Brain and Abdominal Radiological Features in the Work-Up of Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis in Children: An Up-To-Date Review.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- Post Herpetic Anti-NMDA- Receptor Encephalitis in an 18-month-old Infant.Iranian journal of child neurology · 2023Article
- Favorable response to classic ketogenic diet in a child with anti-GAD 65 antibody mediated super refractory status epilepticus.Epilepsy & behavior reports · 2022Article
- Pediatric anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis associated with COVID-19.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2021Article
- Autoantibody-associated psychiatric syndromes in children: link to adult psychiatry.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2021Review
- CNS autoimmunity in children: An unwanted wrinkle in a smooth narrative.Medical journal, Armed Forces India · 2021Review
- Do All Children With Autoimmune Encephalitis Need Aggressive Immunotherapy?Indian pediatrics · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
contextAutoimmune encephalitis has acquired immense significance as a treatable cause of encephalopathy, epilepsy and movement disorders in children. In this review, we discuss the various clinical syndromes, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis in children. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A MEDLINE search strategy using the following terms (1998-2019) was adopted for this review. Limits of 'Human' and 'English' were applied. Search terms included: "autoimmune encephalitis", "autoimmune encephalitis AND epidemiology", "pathophysiology", "diagnosis" and "treatment" for studies in children. Review articles, practice parameters, guidelines, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case series and case reports were included.
conclusionsAutoimmune encephalitis is being increasingly recognized in children. Anti-NMDAR encephalitis is the most common form. Children present with a polysymptomatic presentation including behavioral changes, psychosis, sleep disturbances, mutism, seizures, movement disorders, memory impairment as well as other neurocognitive deficits. Diagnosis is based on suggestive history and ancillary investigations including magnetic resonance imaging, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and serology for autoantibodies. Treatment is based on immunomodulation of the acute episode followed by maintenance therapy, with earlier initiation being associated with better outcomes. Prognosis depends on the type of clinical syndrome.
Indexed as
Identifiers
32727942W3046129820What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.