ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2020
Overcoming Rayleigh-Plateau instabilities: Stabilizing and destabilizing liquid-metal streams via electrochemical oxidation.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Three-Dimensional Interconnect Technologies for Advanced Flexible Electronics.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- Suppressing Interfacial Instability of Immiscible Liquid-in-Liquid Flow Using Magnetic Forces.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Process and property assessment of liquid metal spray deposition towards scalable and reliable stretchable electronics.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Stable, Highly Conductive, and Strain-Insensitive Supramolecular Elastomer Composite for Printable Self-Healing Soft Electronics.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Giant Decrease in Interfacial Energy of Liquid Metals by Native Oxides.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2024Article
- Fluid-Mediated Fabrication of Complex Assemblies.JACS Au · 2022Review
- Noncontact rotation, levitation, and acceleration of flowing liquid metal wires.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Aerosol Spray Deposition of Liquid Metal and Elastomer Coatings for Rapid Processing of Stretchable Electronics.Micromachines · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Liquids typically form droplets when exiting a nozzle. Jets--cylindrical streams of fluid-can form transiently at higher fluid velocities, yet interfacial tension rapidly drives jet breakup into droplets via the Rayleigh-Plateau instability. Liquid metal is an unlikely candidate to form stable jets since it has enormous interfacial tension and low viscosity. We report that electrochemical anodization significantly lowers the effective tension of a stream of metal, transitioning it from droplets to long (long lifetime and length) wires with 100-μm diameters without the need for high velocities. Whereas surface minimization drives Rayleigh-Plateau instabilities, these streams of metal increase in surface area when laid flat upon a surface due to the low tension. The ability to tune interfacial tension over at least three orders of magnitude using modest potential (<1 V) enables new approaches for production of metallic structures at room temperature, on-demand fluid-in-fluid structuring, and new tools for studying and controlling fluid behavior.
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Registered trials
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