Trial reportNeurology2020
Effect of ocrelizumab on vaccine responses in patients with multiple sclerosis: The VELOCE study.
2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · bronzeAbstract readClinical Trial, Phase IIIRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph
Trial report in Neurology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 216 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
216citing papers in PubMed, 11 pooled it
40.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase IIIB, Multicenter, Randomized, Parallel-Group, Open-Label Study to Evaluate the Effects of Ocrelizumab on Immune Responses in Patients With Relapsing Forms of Multiple Sclerosis
NCT05081271 early_phase1terminatednot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation
COVID-19 Booster Vaccination in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis
Who cites it
216 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 336 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical and radiological activity after extended interval and standard interval dosing of ocrelizumab in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Pooled it
- ECTRIMS/EAN consensus on vaccination in people with multiple sclerosis: Improving immunization strategies in the era of highly active immunotherapeutic drugs.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2023Pooled it
- Systematic literature review of immunoglobulin trends for anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies in multiple sclerosis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2023Pooled it
- In vivo human keyhole limpet hemocyanin challenge in early phase drug development: A systematic review.Clinical and translational science · 2023Pooled it
- Immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review/meta-analysis.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Immunological and clinical efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in immunocompromised populations: a systematic review.Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · 2022Pooled it
- MENACTRIMS practice guideline for COVID-19 vaccination in patients with multiple sclerosis.Multiple sclerosis and related disorders · 2021Guideline
- American College of Rheumatology Guidance for COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients With Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases: Version 3.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2021Guideline
- American College of Rheumatology Guidance for COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients With Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases: Version 1.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2021Guideline
- Vaccine response following anti-CD20 therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 905 patients.Blood advances · 2021Pooled it
- COVID-19 and disease-modifying therapies in patients with demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system: A systematic review.Multiple sclerosis and related disorders · 2021Pooled it
- Safety and efficacy of ravulizumab in patients with NMOSD previously treated with rituximab: A post hoc analysis of the CHAMPION-NMOSD trial.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2026Trial
- Effect of Ocrelizumab on B- and T-Cell Receptor Repertoire Diversity in Patients With Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis From the Randomized Phase III OPERA Trial.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2023Trial
- B- and T-Cell Responses After SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis Receiving Disease Modifying Therapies: Immunological Patterns and Clinical Implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Trial
- Preservation of Humoral Immunity and Response to Vaccination in Patients With IgAN Treated With Felzartamab.Kidney international reports · 2026Article
- Emerging therapeutic strategies in multiple sclerosis: a focus on innovative and targeted approaches.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Article
- International Expert Opinion on Optimal Switching to Cladribine Tablets from Other High-Efficacy Disease-Modifying Therapies for Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: Opportunities and Challenges.Neurology and therapy · 2026Review
- Comparative Effectiveness and Risk of Severe Infection in Adult Patients With MS Treated With Diroximel Fumarate Versus Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibodies: A Real-World Claims Analysis.Advances in therapy · 2026Article
- Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition Limits Multiple Sclerosis Disease-Driving Inflammation While Promoting Regulatory B Cells.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
156 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 1 institution in 3 countries.
Amit Bar-OrFrom the Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics (A.B.-O.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The Minneapolis Clinic of Neurology (J.C.C.), MN; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd (C.C., J.E., M.M., D.S.), Basel, Switzerland; Central Texas Neurology Consultants (E.J.F.), Round Rock; Genentech, Inc (A.H.), South San Francisco, CA; John McNamara Consulting Ltd (J.M.), Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (D.S.R.), Multiple Sclerosis Division, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa; Territory Neurology and Research Institution (J.K.W.), Tucson, AZ; Division of Infectious Diseases (K.L.W.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; and University of British Columbia (A.T.), Vancouver, Canada. amitbar@pennmedicine.upenn.edu.
Jonathan C CalkwoodFrom the Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics (A.B.-O.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The Minneapolis Clinic of Neurology (J.C.C.), MN; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd (C.C., J.E., M.M., D.S.), Basel, Switzerland; Central Texas Neurology Consultants (E.J.F.), Round Rock; Genentech, Inc (A.H.), South San Francisco, CA; John McNamara Consulting Ltd (J.M.), Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (D.S.R.), Multiple Sclerosis Division, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa; Territory Neurology and Research Institution (J.K.W.), Tucson, AZ; Division of Infectious Diseases (K.L.W.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; and University of British Columbia (A.T.), Vancouver, Canada.
Cathy ChognotFrom the Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics (A.B.-O.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The Minneapolis Clinic of Neurology (J.C.C.), MN; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd (C.C., J.E., M.M., D.S.), Basel, Switzerland; Central Texas Neurology Consultants (E.J.F.), Round Rock; Genentech, Inc (A.H.), South San Francisco, CA; John McNamara Consulting Ltd (J.M.), Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (D.S.R.), Multiple Sclerosis Division, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa; Territory Neurology and Research Institution (J.K.W.), Tucson, AZ; Division of Infectious Diseases (K.L.W.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; and University of British Columbia (A.T.), Vancouver, Canada.
Joanna EvershedFrom the Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics (A.B.-O.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The Minneapolis Clinic of Neurology (J.C.C.), MN; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd (C.C., J.E., M.M., D.S.), Basel, Switzerland; Central Texas Neurology Consultants (E.J.F.), Round Rock; Genentech, Inc (A.H.), South San Francisco, CA; John McNamara Consulting Ltd (J.M.), Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (D.S.R.), Multiple Sclerosis Division, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa; Territory Neurology and Research Institution (J.K.W.), Tucson, AZ; Division of Infectious Diseases (K.L.W.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; and University of British Columbia (A.T.), Vancouver, Canada.
Edward J FoxFrom the Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics (A.B.-O.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The Minneapolis Clinic of Neurology (J.C.C.), MN; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd (C.C., J.E., M.M., D.S.), Basel, Switzerland; Central Texas Neurology Consultants (E.J.F.), Round Rock; Genentech, Inc (A.H.), South San Francisco, CA; John McNamara Consulting Ltd (J.M.), Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (D.S.R.), Multiple Sclerosis Division, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa; Territory Neurology and Research Institution (J.K.W.), Tucson, AZ; Division of Infectious Diseases (K.L.W.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; and University of British Columbia (A.T.), Vancouver, Canada.
Ann HermanFrom the Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics (A.B.-O.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The Minneapolis Clinic of Neurology (J.C.C.), MN; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd (C.C., J.E., M.M., D.S.), Basel, Switzerland; Central Texas Neurology Consultants (E.J.F.), Round Rock; Genentech, Inc (A.H.), South San Francisco, CA; John McNamara Consulting Ltd (J.M.), Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (D.S.R.), Multiple Sclerosis Division, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa; Territory Neurology and Research Institution (J.K.W.), Tucson, AZ; Division of Infectious Diseases (K.L.W.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; and University of British Columbia (A.T.), Vancouver, Canada.
Marianna ManfriniFrom the Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics (A.B.-O.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The Minneapolis Clinic of Neurology (J.C.C.), MN; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd (C.C., J.E., M.M., D.S.), Basel, Switzerland; Central Texas Neurology Consultants (E.J.F.), Round Rock; Genentech, Inc (A.H.), South San Francisco, CA; John McNamara Consulting Ltd (J.M.), Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (D.S.R.), Multiple Sclerosis Division, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa; Territory Neurology and Research Institution (J.K.W.), Tucson, AZ; Division of Infectious Diseases (K.L.W.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; and University of British Columbia (A.T.), Vancouver, Canada.
John McNamaraFrom the Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics (A.B.-O.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The Minneapolis Clinic of Neurology (J.C.C.), MN; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd (C.C., J.E., M.M., D.S.), Basel, Switzerland; Central Texas Neurology Consultants (E.J.F.), Round Rock; Genentech, Inc (A.H.), South San Francisco, CA; John McNamara Consulting Ltd (J.M.), Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (D.S.R.), Multiple Sclerosis Division, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa; Territory Neurology and Research Institution (J.K.W.), Tucson, AZ; Division of Infectious Diseases (K.L.W.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; and University of British Columbia (A.T.), Vancouver, Canada.
Derrick S RobertsonFrom the Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics (A.B.-O.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The Minneapolis Clinic of Neurology (J.C.C.), MN; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd (C.C., J.E., M.M., D.S.), Basel, Switzerland; Central Texas Neurology Consultants (E.J.F.), Round Rock; Genentech, Inc (A.H.), South San Francisco, CA; John McNamara Consulting Ltd (J.M.), Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (D.S.R.), Multiple Sclerosis Division, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa; Territory Neurology and Research Institution (J.K.W.), Tucson, AZ; Division of Infectious Diseases (K.L.W.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; and University of British Columbia (A.T.), Vancouver, Canada.
Daniela StokmaierFrom the Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics (A.B.-O.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The Minneapolis Clinic of Neurology (J.C.C.), MN; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd (C.C., J.E., M.M., D.S.), Basel, Switzerland; Central Texas Neurology Consultants (E.J.F.), Round Rock; Genentech, Inc (A.H.), South San Francisco, CA; John McNamara Consulting Ltd (J.M.), Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (D.S.R.), Multiple Sclerosis Division, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa; Territory Neurology and Research Institution (J.K.W.), Tucson, AZ; Division of Infectious Diseases (K.L.W.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; and University of British Columbia (A.T.), Vancouver, Canada.
Jeanette K WendtFrom the Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics (A.B.-O.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The Minneapolis Clinic of Neurology (J.C.C.), MN; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd (C.C., J.E., M.M., D.S.), Basel, Switzerland; Central Texas Neurology Consultants (E.J.F.), Round Rock; Genentech, Inc (A.H.), South San Francisco, CA; John McNamara Consulting Ltd (J.M.), Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (D.S.R.), Multiple Sclerosis Division, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa; Territory Neurology and Research Institution (J.K.W.), Tucson, AZ; Division of Infectious Diseases (K.L.W.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; and University of British Columbia (A.T.), Vancouver, Canada.
Kevin L WinthropFrom the Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics (A.B.-O.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The Minneapolis Clinic of Neurology (J.C.C.), MN; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd (C.C., J.E., M.M., D.S.), Basel, Switzerland; Central Texas Neurology Consultants (E.J.F.), Round Rock; Genentech, Inc (A.H.), South San Francisco, CA; John McNamara Consulting Ltd (J.M.), Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (D.S.R.), Multiple Sclerosis Division, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa; Territory Neurology and Research Institution (J.K.W.), Tucson, AZ; Division of Infectious Diseases (K.L.W.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; and University of British Columbia (A.T.), Vancouver, Canada.
Anthony TraboulseeFrom the Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics (A.B.-O.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The Minneapolis Clinic of Neurology (J.C.C.), MN; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd (C.C., J.E., M.M., D.S.), Basel, Switzerland; Central Texas Neurology Consultants (E.J.F.), Round Rock; Genentech, Inc (A.H.), South San Francisco, CA; John McNamara Consulting Ltd (J.M.), Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (D.S.R.), Multiple Sclerosis Division, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa; Territory Neurology and Research Institution (J.K.W.), Tucson, AZ; Division of Infectious Diseases (K.L.W.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; and University of British Columbia (A.T.), Vancouver, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-0351-9639
Roche (Switzerland) · CH
Funding
University of Pennsylvania Clinical Autoimmunity Center of ExcellenceUM1AI144288 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI BAR-OR, AMIT, PAYNE, AIMEE S · 2019 to 2023
$551kNIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI144288
Abstract
objectiveThe phase IIIb A Study to Evaluate the Effects of Ocrelizumab on Immune Responses in Participants With Relapsing Forms of Multiple Sclerosis (VELOCE) study (NCT02545868) assessed responses to selected vaccines in ocrelizumab (OCR)-treated patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis.
methodsPatients were randomized 2:1 into the OCR group (n = 68; OCR 600 mg) or control group (n = 34; interferon beta or no disease-modifying therapy). All received tetanus toxoid (TT)-containing vaccine, Pneumovax (23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine [23-PPV]), and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). The OCR group was subdivided into OCR1 (n = 33) and OCR2 (n = 35) at randomization. The OCR1 group received Prevnar (13-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine) 4 weeks after 23-PPV; the OCR2 and control groups received influenza vaccine. Vaccinations started 12 weeks after OCR initiation (OCR group) or on day 1 (control group).
resultsPositive response rate to TT vaccine at 8 weeks was 23.9% in the OCR vs 54.5% in the control group. Positive response rate to ≥5 serotypes in 23-PPV at 4 weeks was 71.6% in the OCR and 100% in the control group. Prevnar did not enhance response to pneumococcal serotypes in common with Pneumovax. Humoral response to KLH was decreased in the OCR vs control group. Seroprotection rates at 4 weeks against 5 influenza strains ranged from 55.6% to 80.0% in the OCR2 group and 75.0% to 97.0% in the control group.
conclusionPeripherally B-cell-depleted OCR recipients mounted attenuated humoral responses to clinically relevant vaccines and the neoantigen KLH, suggesting that use of standard nonlive vaccines while on OCR treatment remains a consideration. For seasonal influenza vaccines, it is recommended to vaccinate patients on OCR because a potentially protective humoral response, even if attenuated, can be expected. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class II evidence confirming that the humoral response to nonlive vaccines in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis after OCR treatment is attenuated compared with untreated or interferon beta-treated patients, but they can still be expected to be protective. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER: NCT02545868.
Indexed as
AdultAntibodies, Monoclonal, HumanizedFemaleHemocyaninsHumansImmunogenicity, VaccineImmunologic FactorsMaleMultiple SclerosisPneumococcal VaccinesTetanus Toxoid23-valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccineAntibodies, Monoclonal, HumanizedHemocyaninsImmunologic Factorskeyhole-limpet hemocyaninocrelizumabPneumococcal VaccinesTetanus Toxoid
Identifiers
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Registered trials
NCT02545868ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05081271ClinicalTrials.gov
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.