ArticleBMC cancer2020
Multiple formin proteins participate in glioblastoma migration.
Article in BMC cancer, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting INF2 with DiosMetin 7-O-β-D-Glucuronide: a new stratagem for colorectal cancer therapy.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Role of FHOD1 in tumor cells and tumor immune microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Athero-oncology perspective: identifying hub genes for atherosclerosis diagnosis using machine learning.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Phosphorylation of INF2 by AMPK promotes mitochondrial fission and oncogenic function in endometrial cancer.Cell death & disease · 2024Article
- Construction of disulfidptosis-based immune response prediction model with artificial intelligence and validation of the pivotal grouping oncogene c-MET in regulating T cell exhaustion.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Quantitative proteomic landscapes of primary and recurrent glioblastoma reveal a protumorigeneic role for FBXO2-dependent glioma-microenvironment interactions.Neuro-oncology · 2023Article
- FHODs: Nuclear tethered formins for nuclear mechanotransduction.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Review
- Article
- Article
- WNT signaling at the intersection between neurogenesis and brain tumorigenesis.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Review
- Role of formin INF2 in human diseases.Molecular biology reports · 2022Review
- FHOD1 is upregulated in gastric cancer and promotes the proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells.Oncology letters · 2021Article
- Formins in Human Disease.Cells · 2021Review
- Review
- Preliminary Investigation on the Involvement of Cytoskeleton-Related Proteins, DAAM1 and PREP, in Human Testicular Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Clonal Evolution of a High-Grade Pediatric Glioma With Distant Metastatic Spread.Neurology. Genetics · 2021Article
- DIAPH3 is upregulated in high-grade gliomas and linked to chromosomal instability.Neuro-oncology advancesArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe prognosis of glioblastoma remains poor, related to its diffuse spread within the brain. There is an ongoing search for molecular regulators of this particularly invasive behavior. One approach is to look for actin regulating proteins that might be targeted by future anti-cancer therapy. The formin family of proteins orchestrates rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton in multiple cellular processes. Recently, the formin proteins mDia1 and mDia2 were shown to be expressed in glioblastoma in vitro, and their function could be modified by small molecule agonists. This finding implies that the formins could be future therapeutic targets in glioblastoma.
methodsIn cell studies, we investigated the changes in expression of the 15 human formins in primary glioblastoma cells and commercially available glioblastoma cell lines during differentiation from spheroids to migrating cells using transcriptomic analysis and qRT-PCR. siRNA mediated knockdown of selected formins was performed to investigate whether their expression affects glioblastoma migration. Using immunohistochemistry, we studied the expression of two formins, FHOD1 and INF2, in tissue samples from 93 IDH-wildtype glioblastomas. Associated clinicopathological parameters and follow-up data were utilized to test whether formin expression correlates with survival or has prognostic value.
resultsWe found that multiple formins were upregulated during migration. Knockdown of individual formins mDia1, mDia2, FHOD1 and INF2 significantly reduced migration in most studied cell lines. Among the studied formins, knockdown of INF2 generated the greatest reduction in motility in vitro. Using immunohistochemistry, we demonstrated expression of formin proteins FHOD1 and INF2 in glioblastoma tissues. Importantly, we found that moderate/high expression of INF2 was associated with significantly impaired prognosis.
conclusionsFormins FHOD1 and INF2 participate in glioblastoma cell migration. Moderate/high expression of INF2 in glioblastoma tissue is associated with worse outcome. Taken together, our in vitro and tissue studies suggest a pivotal role for INF2 in glioblastoma. When specific inhibiting compounds become available, INF2 could be a target in the search for novel glioblastoma therapies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.