ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2020
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors: Could They Be Beneficial for the Treatment of COVID-19?
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Synergistic effects of COVID-19 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a polymicrobial perspective.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2024Review
- Pentoxifylline Effects on Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients with Cytokine Storm Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Discovery of adapalene and dihydrotachysterol as antiviral agents for the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 through computational drug repurposing.Molecular diversity · 2023Article
- Structural Characterization of Murine Phosphodiesterase 5 Isoforms and Involvement of Cysteine Residues in Supramolecular Assembly.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- An Overview of PDE4 Inhibitors in Clinical Trials: 2010 to Early 2022.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Cellular Redox Metabolism Is Modulated by the Distinct Localization of Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase 5A Isoforms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Cell deaths: Involvement in the pathogenesis and intervention therapy of COVID-19.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2022Review
- Identification of novel off targets of baricitinib and tofacitinib by machine learning with a focus on thrombosis and viral infection.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Clinical Implication of Phosphodiesterase-4-Inhibition.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Recent developments of phosphodiesterase inhibitors: Clinical trials, emerging indications and novel molecules.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Pentoxifylline as a Potential Adjuvant Therapy for COVID-19: Impeding the Burden of the Cytokine Storm.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Research progress of phosphodiesterase inhibitors in inflammatory bowel disease treatment.Zhejiang da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences · 2021Review
- Chromophore reduction plus reversible photobleaching: how the mKate2 "photoconversion" works.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2021Article
- Phosphodiesterase 4D Depletion/Inhibition Exerts Anti-Oncogenic Properties in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Cancers · 2021Article
- COVID-19 and pulmonary fibrosis: therapeutics in clinical trials, repurposing, and potential development.Archives of pharmacal research · 2021Review
- Sildenafil 4.0-Integrated Synthetic Chemistry, Formulation and Analytical Strategies Effecting Immense Therapeutic and Societal Impact in the Fourth Industrial Era.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- PDE3-inhibitor enoximone prevented mechanical ventilation in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.Experimental lung research · 2021Article
- Do COVID-19 Infections Result in a Different Form of Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Could cilostazol be beneficial in COVID-19 treatment? Thinking about phosphodiesterase-3 as a therapeutic target.International immunopharmacology · 2021Review
- PDE4 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for improvement of pulmonary dysfunctions in Covid-19 and cigarette smoking.Biochemical pharmacology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection to be a pandemic disease. SARS-CoV2 was first identified in China and, despite the restrictive measures adopted, the epidemic has spread globally, becoming a pandemic in a very short time. Though there is growing knowledge of the SARS-CoV2 infection and its clinical manifestations, an effective cure to limit its acute symptoms and its severe complications has not yet been found. Given the worldwide health and economic emergency issues accompanying this pandemic, there is an absolute urgency to identify effective treatments and reduce the post infection outcomes. In this context, phosphodiesterases (PDEs), evolutionarily conserved cyclic nucleotide (cAMP/cGMP) hydrolyzing enzymes, could emerge as new potential targets. Given their extended distribution and modulating role in nearly all organs and cellular environments, a large number of drugs (PDE inhibitors) have been developed to control the specific functions of each PDE family. These PDE inhibitors have already been used in the treatment of pathologies that show clinical signs and symptoms completely or partially overlapping with post-COVID-19 conditions (e.g., thrombosis, inflammation, fibrosis), while new PDE-selective or pan-selective inhibitors are currently under study. This review discusses the state of the art of the different pathologies currently treated with phosphodiesterase inhibitors, highlighting the numerous similarities with the disorders linked to SARS-CoV2 infection, to support the hypothesis that PDE inhibitors, alone or in combination with other drugs, could be beneficial for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.