ArticlePharmaceutics2020
Fasudil Loaded PLGA Microspheres as Potential Intravitreal Depot Formulation for Glaucoma Therapy.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of netarsudil/latanoprost fixed-dose combination vs. monotherapy in open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- ROS-pH Dual-Responsive Polydopamine Nanoparticles for Targeted Fasudil Delivery Ameliorate Multiple Pathologies in Diabetic Retinopathy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Article
- Ketorolac, melatonin and latanoprost tri-loaded PLGA microspheres for neuroprotection in glaucoma.Drug delivery · 2025Article
- Dual-Phase Ocular Insert with Bromfenac-Loaded PLGA MPs in a PVA Matrix for Sustained Postoperative Anti-Inflammatory Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- A Comprehensive Review of the Role of Rho-Kinase Inhibitors in Corneal Diseases.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Therapeutic Potential of Rho Kinase Inhibitors in Corneal Disease: A Systematic Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Long-acting parenteral formulations of hydrophilic drugs, proteins, and peptide therapeutics: mechanisms, challenges, and therapeutic benefits with a focus on technologies.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Review
- Current perspectives in tackling glaucoma blindness.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2025Review
- A Scoping Review of Rho Kinase Inhibitors and their Role in Glaucoma Treatment.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- Rho Kinase Inhibitors in Glaucoma Management: Current Perspectives and Future Directions.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Review
- Inhalable Advanced Co-Spray Dried Microparticles/Nanoparticles of a Novel RhoA/Rho Kinase Inhibitor with Lung Surfactant Biomimetic Phospholipids for Targeted Lung Delivery.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2024Article
- Nanomedicine in glaucoma treatment; Current challenges and future perspectives.Materials today. Bio · 2024Review
- Biodegradable microspheres come into sight: A promising biomaterial for delivering drug to the posterior segment of the eyeball.Materials today. Bio · 2024Review
- Review
- The Application of Rho Kinase Inhibitors in the Management of Glaucoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Exploring the Ocular Absorption Pathway of Fasudil Hydrochloride towards Developing a Nanoparticulate Formulation with Improved Performance.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Modulating mechanobiology as a therapeutic target for synovial fibrosis to restore joint lubrication.Osteoarthritis and cartilage · 2024Article
- Pathological Mechanism and Clinical Therapy Progress of Schlemm's Canal.Journal of ophthalmology · 2024Review
- The Role of Rho Kinase Inhibitors in Corneal Diseases.Drug design, development and therapy · 2024Review
- Rho-Kinase Inhibitors as Emerging Targets for Glaucoma Therapy.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitors allow for causative glaucoma therapy. Unfortunately, topically applied ROCK inhibitors suffer from high incidence of hyperemia and low intraocular bioavailability. Therefore, we propose the use of poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres as a depot formulation for intravitreal injection to supply outflow tissues with the ROCK inhibitor fasudil over a prolonged time. Fasudil-loaded microspheres were prepared by double emulsion solvent evaporation technique. The chemical integrity of released fasudil was confirmed by mass spectrometry. The biological activity was measured in cell-based assays using trabecular meshwork cells (TM cells), Schlemm's canal cells (SC cells), fibroblasts and adult retinal pigment epithelium cells (ARPE-19). Cellular response to fasudil after its diffusion through vitreous humor was investigated by electric cell-substrate impedance sensing. Microspheres ranged in size from 3 to 67 µm. The release of fasudil from microspheres was controllable and sustained for up to 45 days. Released fasudil reduced actin stress fibers in TM cells, SC cells and fibroblasts. Decreased collagen gel contraction provoked by fasudil was detected in TM cells (~2.4-fold), SC cells (~1.4-fold) and fibroblasts (~1.3-fold). In addition, fasudil readily diffused through vitreous humor reaching its target compartment and eliciting effects on TM cells. No negative effects on ARPE-19 cells were observed. Since fasudil readily diffuses through the vitreous humor, we suggest that an intravitreal drug depot of ROCK inhibitors could significantly improve current glaucoma therapy particularly for patients with comorbid retinal diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.