ReviewNeurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology2020
Neuroinvasion, neurotropic, and neuroinflammatory events of SARS-CoV-2: understanding the neurological manifestations in COVID-19 patients.
Review in Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04775784 (Determination of SARS-Cov-2 Virus in Central Nervous System), which is not on this map. Cited by 182 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Determination of SARS-Cov-2 Virus in Central Nervous System
Who cites it
182 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 386 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuropsychiatric disorders in the course to SARS-CoV-2 virus infection, including biological pathomechanisms, psychosocial factors and long COVID-19 associated with "brain fog".Journal of neurovirology · 2025Pooled it
- COVID19 infection and vaccination and the risk of pituitary apoplexy: an entangled yarn.Endocrine · 2025Pooled it
- The prolonged health sequelae "of the COVID-19 pandemic" in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Presence of SARS-CoV-2 and Its Entry Factors in Oral Tissues and Cells: A Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2021Pooled it
- Intracranial hemorrhage in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2021Pooled it
- COVID-19 sequelae in adults aged less than 50 years: A systematic review.Travel medicine and infectious diseasePooled it
- Effects of aerobic training on cardiopulmonary fitness in patients with long COVID-19: a randomized controlled trial.Trials · 2024Trial
- Management of long COVID-19 in children and adolescents: from diagnosis to therapeutically approaches.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Blood-Brain Barrier Changes and Related Microvascular Outcomes in Long-COVID: A Comprehensive Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Review
- Psychiatric and Neurological Involvement in COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients Through the Global Pandemic in Central Romania.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Post-COVID-19 surge in Guillain-Barré syndrome during the Omicron wave in China with clinical characteristics and potential immune-mediated pathways.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- MRI of Syrian hamsters reveals SARS-CoV-2 variant-specific neuroinflammation.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- RAZOR: a database of PCR primers targeting human respiratory viruses.NAR genomics and bioinformatics · 2026Article
- Cognition, Cytokines, Blood-Brain Barrier, and Beyond in COVID-19: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Neuroinflammatory and transcriptional dynamics during SARS-CoV-2 infection in KRT18-hACE2 mouse brain.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Protective Effects of Safranal Against Spike Protein-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Inflammation in Peripheral and Central Immune Cells.Current developments in nutrition · 2026Article
- Diffusion tensor imaging features of white matter pathways in the brain after COVID-19 infection.Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Brain Microstructural Alterations in Children Post-COVID-19 Infection Through VBM, SBM, and Structural Covariance Network Analysis.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Association between SARS-CoV-2 infection before the age of two and child development.Pediatric research · 2025Article
122 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Respiratory viruses are opportunistic pathogens that infect the upper respiratory tract in humans and cause severe illnesses, especially in vulnerable populations. Some viruses have neuroinvasive properties and activate the immune response in the brain. These immune events may be neuroprotective or they may cause long-term damage similar to what is seen in some neurodegenerative diseases. The new "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2" (SARS-CoV-2) is one of the Respiratory viruses causing highly acute lethal pneumonia coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with clinical similarities to those reported in "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus"(SARS-CoV) and the "Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus"(MERS-CoV) including neurological manifestation. To examine the possible neurological damage induced by SARS-CoV-2, it is necessary to understand the immune reactions to viral infection in the brain, and their short- and long-term consequences. Considering the similarities between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, which will be discussed, cooperative homological and phylogenetical studies lead us to question if SARS-CoV-2 can have similar neuroinvasive capacities and neuroinflammatiory events that may lead to the same short- and long-term neuropathologies that SARS-CoV had shown in human and animal models. To explain the neurological manifestation caused by SARS-CoV-2, we will present a literature review of 765 COVID-19 patients, in which 18% had neurological symptoms and complications, including encephalopathy, encephalitis and cerebrovascular pathologies, acute myelitis, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Clinical studies describe anosmia or partial loss of the sense of smell as the most frequent symptom in COVID19 patients, suggesting that olfactory dysfunction and the initial ultrarapid immune responses could be a prognostic factor.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.