Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32723415›Full record

ArticlePublic health nutrition2021

Energy drink intake is associated with insomnia and decreased daytime functioning in young adult females.

Georgina Sa Trapp, Miriam Hurworth, Peter Jacoby, Kathleen Maddison, Karina Allen, Karen Martin, Hayley Christian, Gina L Ambrosini, Wendy Oddy, Peter R Eastwood

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In one paragraph

Article in Public health nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Georgina Sa Trapp *Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-8529-4260
Miriam Hurworth *Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Peter JacobyTelethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Kathleen MaddisonCentre for Sleep Science, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Karina AllenSchool of Psychology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Karen MartinSchool of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Hayley ChristianTelethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Gina L AmbrosiniTelethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Wendy OddyMenzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
Peter R EastwoodCentre for Sleep Science, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo investigate the association between energy drink (ED) use and sleep-related disturbances in a population-based sample of young adults from the Raine Study.

designAnalysis of cross-sectional data obtained from self-administered questionnaires to assess ED use and sleep disturbance (Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ-10) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Symptoms Questionnaire-Insomnia (PSSQ-I)). Regression modelling was used to estimate the effect of ED use on sleep disturbances. All models adjusted for various potential confounders.

settingWestern Australia.

participantsMales and females, aged 22 years, from Raine Study Gen2-22 year follow-up.

resultsOf the 1115 participants, 66 % were never/rare users (i.e. <once/month) of ED, 17·0 % were occasional users (i.e. >once/month to <once/week) and 17 % were frequent users (≥once/week). Compared with females, a greater proportion of males used ED occasionally (19 % v. 15 %) or frequently (24 % v. 11 %). Among females, frequent ED users experienced significantly higher symptoms of daytime sleepiness (FOSQ-10: β = 0·93, 95 % CI 0·32, 1·54, P = 0·003) and were five times more likely to experience insomnia (PSSQ-I: OR = 5·10, 95 % CI 1·81, 14·35, P = 0·002) compared with never/rare users. No significant associations were observed in males for any sleep outcomes.

conclusionsWe found a positive association between ED use and sleep disturbances in young adult females. Given the importance of sleep for overall health, and ever-increasing ED use, intervention strategies are needed to curb ED use in young adults, particularly females. Further research is needed to determine causation and elucidate reasons for gender-specific findings.

Indexed as

Energy DrinksSleep Initiation and Maintenance DisordersSleep Wake DisordersCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleSurveys and QuestionnairesYoung AdultEnergy drinksFemalesInsomniaSleepThe Raine StudyYoung adults

Identifiers

PMID32723415
PMCPMC10195404

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.