ArticlePublic health nutrition2021
Age of cow milk introduction and growth among 3-5-year-old children.
Article in Public health nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Beneficial effects of short-term breastfeeding versus non-breastfeeding in early life against childhood obesity: findings from the US-based population study NHANES.International breastfeeding journal · 2024Article
- Milk and dairy consumption is positively associated with height in adolescents: results from the Israeli National Youth Health and Nutrition Survey.European journal of nutrition · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the association between the age of cow milk introduction and childhood growth.
designA secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study.
settingToronto, Canada.
participantsHealthy children <5 years of age enrolled in the TARGet Kids! practice-based research network. The primary exposure was the age of cow milk introduction. The primary outcome was height-for-age z-score. Secondary outcomes were volume of cow milk consumed (cups/d) and BMI z-score. Outcomes were measured at the last visit before 5 years of age. Multiple linear regression was used to examine these relationships.
resultsAmong 1981 children, introduction of cow milk at a younger age was associated with greater height by 3-5 years of age (P < 0·001). Each month earlier that cow milk was introduced was associated with 0·03 higher height-for-age z-score unit (95 % CI -0·05, -0·02) or 0·1 cm (95 % CI -0·15, -0·12 cm). At 4 years of age, the height difference between a child introduced to cow milk at 9 v. 12 months was 0·4 cm (95 % CI -0·45, -0·35 cm). There was no association between the timing of cow milk introduction and volume of cow milk consumed per day or BMI z-score.
conclusionsEarlier introduction of cow milk was associated with greater height but not with weight status in children aged 3-5 years. Further research is needed to understand the casual relationship between earlier cow milk consumption and childhood height. These findings may be important for paediatricians and parents when considering when to introduce cow milk.
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